MOUNDS IN IOWA. 579 



and 2^ feet in height. An exploration of this mound was made by an 

 excavation in the center, 8 feet square, and extending down to the level 

 at the base. From 20 inches below the surface and downward frag- 

 ments of pottery were found. Lying on the natural surface of the 

 ground was found a closely packed bundle of human arm and leg bones, 

 lying due east and west. On the east end of these bones reposed a 

 crushed and somewhat separated cranium, some portions of which were 

 very thick, and the teeth large and strong. The bones and skull were 

 those of a young adult person. Two feet to the northeast from the 

 first bundle of bones was another similar bundle, lying directed a few 

 degrees south of east. On the east end of this bundle lay a portion of 

 a crushed skull. The skull and bones were somewhat charred by fire, 

 which appears to have been done after being placed in the mound. A 

 few feet to the southeast from the last bundle of bones, was found 

 another similar closely packed bundle, lying directed about 13 degrees 

 south of east. No skull was found with this bundle. A few feet to 

 the northwest from the first bundle of bones was found another like 

 bundle, lying due east and west ; no skull was present. Scattered 

 through the mound were a few small pieces of charcoal, hard-burned 

 clay, and pieces of limestone showing the action of fire. Some years 

 ago an excavation was made in the center of this mound, and a skull, 

 together with one or two bundles of bones, was taken out. All the 

 bones in this mound showed more or less evidence of calcination. With 

 one exception, all the remains had been elsewhere cremated before 

 being placed in this mound. Formerly an oak tree, 12 inches in diam- 

 eter, occujned the surface of the center of this mound, only the stump 

 now remaining. 



No. 10, a circular mound, 36 feet in diameter and 3 feet in height, and 

 12 feet from No. 9. Degraded by the plow. An examination of this 

 mound was made, but without finding anything. 



No. 11, a mound 4 feet from No. 10, circular, 45 feet in diameter and 

 2^ feet in height. Degraded. An excavation 8 feet square and 2^ feet 

 in depth was made in the center of this mound. Ten inches below the 

 surface and slightly east of the center a piece of broken pottery and a 

 few small fragments of charcoal alone were found. No evidence of fire 

 was observed save the charcoal, which appears to have been brought in. 



No. 12 is similar to No. 11, but slightly smaller, and 12 feet distant 

 from it. A partial exploration of this mound was made, and numerous 

 pieces of hard-burned clay were found scattered through it, all of which 

 had been brought in. Ten inches below the surface of the mound a 

 portion of a calcined femur was found. No trace of fire was noticed in 

 the mound. 



No. 13, a mound 15 feet from No. 12, circular, 45 feet in diameter and 

 2 feet high. Degraded and unexplored. 



No. 14, a mound 16 feet from No. 13, circular, 51 feet wide and 1^ feet 

 high. In the center of the mound and 10 inches below the surface, a 



