INDIANS OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 607 



south of Cape Flattery, 125 miles distaut, and from whom they are now 

 separated by the Clallams and Makahs. In regard to this, J. G. Swan 

 says that the Kwilleuts have a tradition that a long time ago there was 

 a very high and sudden tide, which took four days to ebb, after which 

 a portion of the tribe made their way to the vicinity of Port Townsend, 

 and are known as Chemakums. The latter tribe have a similar tradi- 

 tion. The Chemakum numerals seem to corroborate this legend. They 

 are said to have been originally a war-like tribe, not very numerous, but 

 strong and brave. They had a village at the head of Port Townsend 

 Bay called Ts6ts-i-biis, which was a kind of a capital for nearly all the 

 tribes on the Sound, where they occasionally collected. George Gibbs, 

 in 1852, states that their number is ninety, but they are now virtually 

 extinct, there being only ten left who are not legally married to white 

 men or into other tribes. Of these ten there is only one complete fam- 

 ily, four in number. With the exception of two or three very old per- 

 sons, they now mainly speak the Klallam language. They say that their 

 diminution was caused by small-pox, but probably war had something 

 to do with it, as Gibbs says thev have been engaged in wars with the 

 Makah, Klallam, Twana, Snokomish, and Duwamish Indians, by whom 

 their power has been broken. 



Klallams. — In the treaty this name is spelled S'Klallam, but I am in- 

 clined to think that the "s" is the same as that in S'kokomish. Other 

 tribes now call them Klallam, from which the whites have derived this 

 word ; but it evidently originated from their own name for themselves, 

 Nu-sklaim, meaning a strong people, for they were formerly a strong 

 tribe. Their territory at one time extended from Port Discovery Bay 

 to the Hoko Eiver, on the northern coast of Washington Territory. The 

 treaty expected them to go to the reservation, and the Government was 

 to furnish the means for this purpose. This was never done, and they 

 have never been moved, except that some have occasionally been taken 

 there for a limited period as punishment for crime. At present many 

 of them have moved farther up the Sound to obtain work. Their vil- 

 lages are now as follows : 



(1) Opposite Seabeck, where for a long time about thirty have lived, 

 but of late all but about a dozen have moved to Port Gamble. Their 

 main dependence for money is from their work at the saw-mill. 



(2) Opposite Port Gamble, across the bay, 20 miles north of Seabeck, 

 are about one hundred who earn their money principally at the saw- 

 iiiills there. This village is enlarging and has a small Catholic church. 



(3) Around Port Ludlow, 6 miles north of the last place, are nine 

 who depend on the saw-mill there for their living. 



(4) In and around Port Townsend, 13 miles north of Port Ludlow, are 

 about twenty. More would live there, as from the size of the place they 

 could easily find work, but the facilities for obtaining whisky are so 

 great the agent has forbidden them to come there. 



(5) Around Port Discovery, 14 miles west of the last place, are nearly 



