614 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS. 



and sugar are almost as indispensable to theoi as to the whites, while 

 they also purchase pork and beef, rice, beans, coilee, tea, butter, yeast- 

 powders, saleratus, salt, lard, spices, sirup, dried and green apples, 

 crackers, cherries, and pears; and raise in their gardens corn, peas, 

 beans, onions, turnips, beets, carrots, i>arsnips, cabbages, and rasp- 

 berries. 



Medicines. — They are slow to use the white man's mediciue (although 

 on the reservation they are furnished free of charge)^ often preferring 

 their old remedies in slight cases of illness, and in severe cases their 

 tamanous. If a medicine cures quickly they like it; but if after a few 

 days they are not well, they abandon it. Those who live oft' the reserva- 

 tion seldom have any treatment except in the old style. 



Houses. — Most of the Twanas and a large number of the Klallams east 

 of Port Angeles build their houses in the style of the whites, with floors 

 and stoves or fire-places, and often their houses have two or three 

 rooms. These now dislike the ground and dirt floor, the smoke and the 

 communal room. Some of the women regularly wash their floors, but 

 with the majority there is room for improvement in this respect. The 

 rooms have been almost entirely changed from the old one-sided shed 

 style of long boards to two-sided roofs of shakes or shingles. Whenever 

 they can they buy sawed lumber, locks, and windows. Brooms, chairs, 

 and benches are in common use. It seems still, however, somewhat 

 difficult for many of the women to sit on chairs when sewing ; they then 

 prefer a mat on the floor. IVlany have some kind of civilized bedstead, 

 but there are still a large number of the old-fashioned kind fastened to 

 the wall all around the room. Carpets or rugs are very scarce. Mats, 

 baskets, and ladles are in common use, and still manufactured, but are 

 steadily yielding to American articles for similar purposes, while dishes, 

 knives, forks, cups, lamps, and buckets are nsed by a large number. 

 When they are logging they live very nearly as well as their white 

 neighbors in the same business. 



Clothes. — I have never seen one of these Indians dressed in the old 

 native style, but there are some of the older ones and those more re- 

 mote from the towns who wrap themselves in a blanket when at home, 

 only putting on their civilized clothes when going abroad. This is more 

 common among the Clallams than among the Twanas. -On the Sabbath 

 and on public occasions they appear well dressed, mostly clean, and 

 some quite tastily robed. At such times hats, linen coats, white shirts, 

 broadcloth coats, woolen and calico dresses and good shawls are com- 

 mon. The only exceptions in respect to dress reform are among the 

 women, who have been slow to adopt shoes, and still seldom wear any 

 head covering, except a shawl. The ornaments formerly worn in the 

 nose have been entirely abandoned. Other ornaments, such as finger- 

 rings, ear-pendants, bracelets, and the like, except among the aged and 

 conservative, are mostly purchased of the whites. Tattooing is going 

 out of practice, many of the older Indians being ashamed of the figures 



