INDIANS OF Washington' terhitory. 615 



on themselves. Painting of the face is not couiuion, exc('[)t at the tam- 

 anoiis feasts and potlatches, cind sometimes when gambling-. Mirrors, 

 brushes, combs, and soap of American manufacture are commonly in 

 use. 



Implements. — The native articles for general use, war and the (;hase, 

 fire-making, building, and agriculture are almost entirely abandoned, 

 and those of civilized make have taken their i)laces. In fishing they 

 use manyof theold style articles, as they see no advantage in giving 

 them up; but wlien they see something that is an improvement and 

 they can obtain it, they are not slow to do so. Native tools for leather- 

 working and working fiber are more common than American ones, but 

 knitting, carding wool, and sewing are entirely reformed. Pamts and 

 ropes are mostly American. 



Travelling. — They cling to their canoes, for they are lighter and swifter 

 than American boats. 



American standards are used in measuring and valuing. Their music 

 is mostly native, and so their art-work.* 



Social customs. — Most of the Twanas under forty j'earshave been mar- 

 ried in our style as well as theirs, but none of the Klallams, except 

 those who are land owners, as otherwise the property would not descend 

 to their children. Permanent marriages is becoming quite common, and 

 polygamy is dying out. Kew polygamous marriages are not allowed, 

 and there are but ten men in both tribes who have more than one wife 

 each. Slavery is dead. Potlatches are said to be growing somewhat 

 less frequent than formerly, some having abandoned them entirely. 

 The custom, though, has a strong hold on the northern Klallams.' The 

 majority of the able-bodied men among the Twanas and those of the 

 Klallams who live at Seabeck, Port Gamble, Port Discovery, and around 

 Jamestown, and a few others are engaged in civilized labor, the 

 Twanas being occupied as farmers, loggers, and day laborers, and the 

 Klallams mainly in saw-mills and as day laborers. They raised in 1878 

 1,125 bushels of vegetables, 120 tons of hay, and 20 bushels of grain; 

 cut 100 cords of wood; owned 72 horses and G8 cattle, and cultivated 

 150 acres of land — an increase over 1872 of 900 bushels of vegetables, 

 30 tons of hay, and 18 cattle, and a decrease of 30 bushels of grain and 

 28 horses. Their principal crops are hay and potatoes. 



In 1878 a number of them voluntarily gave a day's work each as their 

 contribution to the road taxes of the country. Children are cradled 

 mainly in the old style, but the custom of flattening the head is dying- 

 out. 



Morals. — There is progress here, but it is slow. There is very little 

 theft among the Twanas, more among the Klallams, but not a large 

 amount. Falsehood and profanity are common, and it is difficult to in- 

 duce them to abandon either. In regard to chastity the}' also improve. 



* For Gambling and Language, seo^os^, pp. 647 and 652. 



