INDIANS OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 617 



tary rock for hammers; slate for knives, and trap rock for hammers and 

 tauuing stones. 



PLANTS. 



The following fifty varieties of native plants are of practical use, be- 

 sides cultivated plants and grasses for stock : 



Alder. — The wood is used for fire-wood and for making dishes, plates, 

 ladles, bailers, and masks, and for the building of fish-traps and rough 

 houses. The bark is used for medicine, strings, ropes, and dyeing. 



Barberry. — The bark is used for medicine. 



BlacJcberry. — The berry is used for food, the juice for paint, the young 

 leaves for tea, and the roots for medicine. 



Cattail rush. — The blades for making one kind of baskets and partly 

 in making several other kind ^ ; for mats, which are among their most 

 useful articles, and for strings and ropes. The head was formerly used 

 in making blankets. 



Cedar. — This is the most useful vegetable production of their country, 

 its woods being used for planks for houses, burial inclosures, and the 

 like ; for canoes, oars, baby-boards, buoys, spinning-wheels, boxes, 

 torches, arrow-shafts, rails, shingles, fish-traps, tamanous sticks, and 

 fire-wood. The limbs for baskets and ropes ; the bark for baskets, mats, 

 sails, baby-head covers, springs, bailers, women's skirts, and, when 

 beaten, beds for infants, wadding to guns, napkins, head bauds, blank- 

 ets, and for gambling purposes ; the gum and leaves for medicine. 



Cherry. — The bark is used for strings and medicine. 



Cottonwood. — The wood is useful for firewood, the bark for medicine 

 and strings, and the buds for medicine. 



Cranberry. — The berry is employed for food, the juice for paint, and the 

 young leaves for tea. 



Crab apiile. — The wood is used for wedges, hoes, and fire-wood j the 

 fruit for food, and the bark for medicine. 



Currant. — The berry for food. 



Dogivood. — The wood is manufactured into gambling disks and hollow 

 rattles, and is used for fuel. 



Elder. — The wood is made into arrow-heads, used as j^laythings ; the 

 bark used for medicine, and the berr^' for food. 



Fir {red). — The wood is valuable for tire- wood, boards, masts, spear- 

 handles, spits, and oars ; the bark is preferred to everything elf e for fire- 

 wood, as it is often 2. or 3 inches thick and pitchy. The pitch wood is 

 good for torches, fire-pots, and kindlings, and for the latter use it is sold 

 to the whites. The pitch is used for fastening on arrow-heads and spear- 

 heads, and as a cement. 



Gooseberry {tico varieties). — The berry is used for food and the juice for 

 liaint. 



Grass, specific name unknown, is used extensively in making and or- 

 namenting baskets of several kinds. 



