INDIANS OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 631 



Mead ornaments. — Head-bauds mMe of dentaliam shell. Threads are 

 run through the shells, then through the leathers which keep the shells 

 in their places. 



Ear pendants.— There are two kiuds, one of deutalium shells, a num- 

 ber of which are fastened together in a bnnc'.i. Small pieces of black 

 or red cloth are often fastened to the lower ]>art of the shell for greater 

 ornament. Another is made of abelone shells. Both of these were 

 formerly used as money. 



Neck ornaments. — ISTecklaces were formerly made by stringing both the 

 dentales and olivella shells, but such are little used now. Sometimes 

 these strings were 5 feet long, and were doubled several times. Beads 

 of various colors, shapes, and sizes, some being- very large, have now 

 taken the place of shells. Blue ones are the most common, being pre- 

 ferred when the whites first came; but of late their taste is changing,, 

 and other colors are being used. Dog-fish bones and bears' claws were 

 also strung for necklaces, the latter being used as charms. 



Ornaments for the limhs. — Bracelets are made of washed iron and brass 

 of native make, and of silver and other material made by the whites. 

 I do not know that any were used previous to the coming of the whites. 



Toilet articles. — Single wooden combs are common. I have seen only 

 one double one; this was found on a grave at Elkwa, and the handle 

 was partly gone, the whole being decayed. One was fonud near Port 

 Augeles of horn. 



WORKING IMPLEMENTS. 



Knives. — A knife in very common use and of native make has the 

 blade of steel and the handle bone. It is especially convenient in fin- 

 ishing canoes or anything hollow. 



Another hunting-knife of native make has a double edged steel blade*, 

 and the handle is of two pieces of bone rivetted around the steel, which 

 extends beyond the handle. 



Axes and adzes. — At present they use the American adzes and axes, 

 with one exception. Stone axes belong to the archaeology of the coun- 

 try. One of this class I have seen, which was obtained in a shell-bed 

 at Dunginess among the Klallams. It was of metaphoric rock, three- 

 fourths of a pound in weight, nine-sixteenths of an inch in thickness, 

 and the edge is ground twice as much on the flat side as on the other. 

 Another specimen found near the same place was of the same thickness; 

 weight one-half pound, and the edge ground a little more on the flat 

 side than on the other. 



Some Indians say that these axes were used as hatchets or axes for 

 ordinary chopping and there are trees near Dewater and Doswailopsh, 

 on Hood's Canal in the Twana country, that have been partially or 

 wholly cut by such axes. Others say they were used as hand adzes with 

 which to finish canoes after they had been hollowed by burning. Such 

 adzes are now in commoa use, only they are invariably made of old 



