INDIANS OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 651 



sligbtly mistaken about the case. 1 am a white man ; ray name is Cap- 

 tain Chase (a white man living near the reservation). I came to church 

 on Suuday. The minister did not know me; as I was well dressed he 

 thought I was a good man, and might have something to say, hence he 

 asked me to speak. I knew I was not a suitable man to address the 

 congregation, but I could not well refuse. So I rose and went to the 

 platform, but I had some tobacco in my mouth. I tried quietly to take 

 it out and throw it down without being seen, but the Indians noticed it, 

 and thought a minister should not chew tobacco, and beside I did stag- 

 ger a little. These are the reasons I am on trial here." 



MUSIC. 



Music among these Indians consists more of noise than melody. As a 

 rule the Klallams are fixr more musical than the Twanas. The women 

 sometimes sing alone when at work, at funerals, and when tending the 

 children ; but in nearly all their gambling, war, boat, and religious 

 songs the men take the lead. All persons sing the same melody, but 

 sometimes the pitch varies considerably with different persons. 



Their instruments are also intended more for rhythm than anything 

 else. Indeed, no single one can vary the tone, the only modifications 

 being loud and soft. They are used chiefly in their religious perform- 

 ances. They consist of the drum, deer-hoof rattles, scallop-shell rattles, 

 and hollow rattles made from wood. Those who have no instruments 

 pound with small sticks on larger ones, and clap their hands. 



Songs. — These consist of work, patriotic, and boat songs, and songs 

 for gambling and the nursery, for love and war, for funeral and relig- 

 ious ceremonies. I have known of instruments being used only with 

 those for war and gambling, the boat songs, and religious songs, and in 

 all of these the aid of their spirits or tamanous was invoked. 



When gambling the singing is universal in the first method described, 

 and is accompanied by the pounding on large sticks with smaller ones, 

 different songs being sung by opposing parties. The words have no 

 meaning. When gambling in the second method there is usually no 

 singing unless it becomes a tamanous game, when a drum, one for each 

 party, is brought in, and there is pounding on sticks and clapping of 

 hands and singing. In this singing I understand that each one is in- 

 voking the aid of his or her tamanous, so as to win the game. I was 

 present at such game not long since, and when in the house the singing 

 was a confused medley on different keys and I could catch nothing of 

 it, but when I was a few hundred yards away the sounds had mainly 

 blended into song. 



Drums. — These with the Twanas have a square rectangular head, the 

 sides of which vary in length from 1 to 2 feet or a little more. They 

 are made of deer-skin stretched over a wooden frame. Each one has 

 only one head, and on the reverse side two leather thongs or straps are 

 crossed at right angles, so as to form a handle. The drum is held with 



