268 SAVAGE WEAPONS AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 



Fig. 97.— Ston. 



spear-heads, South Aus- 

 tralia. 



with gum. The Mexican spears were pointed with obsidian. The ob- 

 sidian spear-heads of the Papuans excited the surprise of Sckouten, an 



early navigator in those seas; he remarks 

 that they had "long staves with very long, 

 sharp things at the ends thereof, which, as 

 we thought, were flnnes of black fishes." 160 

 The aborigines of the Canaries, a race of Af- 

 rican origiu, when first discovered, used 

 hatchets, knives, lancets, and spearheads 

 of obsidian, and axes of green jasper. 



The lances found in the upper strata dur- 

 ing the excavations at Ilissarlik 161 were of a 

 very hard black or green stone. The spear 

 of the Northern American Indian was for- 

 merly of stone or flint, but is now of steel. 162 

 We may refer in a single group to 

 those spears which are tipped with animal 

 material, bone, horn, shell, shark's teeth, 

 claws of beasts and birds (such as of the kangaroo, cassowary, or 

 emu), and the tail of the sting-ray. In the times of Her- 

 odotus and Strabo, African spears were headed with the 

 sharpened horns of antelopes, 1C;i and the practice still ob- 

 tains. 16 * The 

 Canary Isl- 

 anders, when 

 discovered, in 

 the fourteen tli 

 century, had 

 spears and 

 digging-sticks 

 tipped with 

 horns. 165 



PIG. w.— Wooden 

 Fig. 98 Shows fi*h-*pear. ^ Ma - 



Fig. 98.— Bone spear-heads and hook, Greenland. two Iv a i i\ k Columbia. 



spear-heads and a hook of bone, exhibited in the Greenland section of 

 the Danish department. The upper one is cut down so as to leave barbs. 

 The next beneath it has an iron tip riveted to the bone. The lower ex- 

 ample is a bone hook about L> inches across. Barbed harpoons of bone, 

 from a Scanian bog, Sweden, from a cave in Perigord, and from Terra 

 del Fuego, are shown in Xilson's "Stone Age." 166 



Purchas, vol.i, p. 95. 

 '" " ScMiemann's Troy, &c," p. 79. 

 • Dr. Abbott in Smithsonian Report, l w 7.">, pp. 269, 274. 

 i«Herod., vii, 69-71. Strain), xvi, 4, 9, 11. 

 '' ' Andersson, p. 15. 

 l66 Tylor, ]). 222, and note passim. 

 166 Plat.' iv, Figs. 69, 70, 7xi. 



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