308 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



levied for their maintenance, but they were obliged to give them suitable 

 care. In order to compel them to fulfill their obligations, the state has 

 reserved the right to inspect these buildings, and it has annually im- 

 posed this duty upon the first pastor of the canton with several skilled 

 workmen. These inspectors, however, were generally devoid of all ele- 

 vated artistic taste, and, moreover, the revenues were far from covering 

 the enormous expense for the proper maintenance of these large build- 

 ings. It is only in very pressing cases, after fires or great accidents, 

 thai the churches receive extraordinary aid obtained by general sub- 

 scription, by subsidies furnished by the state, and, as much as possible^ 

 by the parish itself. In such circumstances many of the most remark- 

 able religious edifices have fallen into a sad state of dilapidation. 



The law of February 19, 1801, on the inspection of churches was a 

 grand step for the better. It established general rules to be followed 

 hereafter for the restoration of churches in their primitive style, and for 

 the ] (reservation of their furniture and their monuments ; and it reserves, 

 for the benefit of the National Museum, the right to acquire objects of 

 ho further use; furthermore, it prescribes the nomination of a special 

 committee competent to inspect the most remarkable churches. This 

 committee, which was composed of several distinguished architects and 

 a practical archaeologist, and which exercised a great influence upon the 

 restorations commenced already or undertaken after their appointment, 

 has for its president the director of monuments. 



A progress not less important was the authority granted to the min- 

 ister of public instruction to divide among the poorer churches the sur- 

 plus of receipts from the richer, which were placed as independent in- 

 stitutions under the direction of the diocesan authorities. Finally, it 

 was made possible to proceed to the restoration of churches without re- 

 sources, and which were in bad state of decay, by the contribution of 

 extraordinary credits on the part of the state, by the increase of taxa- 

 tion on the part of the parishes, and by the voluntary subscriptions of 

 individuals. In this way there has been collected during the past few 

 years about 110,000 francs ($28,000) to restore the ancient church of the 

 monastery of Maribo, in the island of Lolland, constructed at the com- 

 mencement of the fifteenth century. In the same manner the remark- 

 able brick church of Kalluudborg (Sccland), built in the form of a Greek 

 cross in the twelfth century, has been restored with its five towers, of 

 which the largest, t bat in the middle, had fallen down. The expeuse has 

 amounted to 170,800 francs ($34,000). Next year the restoration of the 

 cathedra] of Viborg, in Jutland, which was constructed of granite in the 

 twelfth century, will be terminated, at a total expense of about 1,057,000 

 francs (8211,000). after which the oldest Danish brick churches will be 

 repaired, to wit, that of the monastery of Ringsted, in Seeland, dating 

 from about 1100, and the cathedral of Kibe, in Jutland, built in a semi- 

 circular form, in the first half of the twelfth century. 



In Jutland the interior of the cathedral of Aarkus, a brick structure 



