326 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



ckaudiSre, to cook ; coulee, ravine or gully ; buttc, bluff or cliff; mauvaises 

 terres, bad, broken lands ; tetons, small, round peaks ; plateau, table-land ; 

 plateau du coteau, land system of a river or lake; travail, the Indian 

 conveyance, consisting of a frame resting on two poles dragging on the 

 ground; poudrer, to storm and snow; babiche, strip of raw hide; 

 cabresse, lasso; pemmican, meat dried and pounded; capot, overcoat with 

 hood; equipage, team ; train, outfit. 



Some originated with the far-trade: Coureurs de bois, bush-rangers ; 

 voyageurs, fur carriers, collectors, and boatmen; engages, employes, la- 

 borers at trading posts ; portage, place where canoes are carried over 

 shoals or to another stream; bourgeois, proprietor or mauager of a post ; 

 mangeurs de lard (pork eaters), green, inexperienced hands ; plut, peltry; 

 hat run, barge. 



Some are English words with a French termination and pronuncia- 

 tion: Salon, saloon ; biter, to beat; settler, to settle, &c. 



The metis moid grammatical difficulties in the use of verbs and pro- 

 nouns, by using as few tenses as possible, and these preferably in the 

 third person singular; for instance: go, dit ca, they say so; ou va oiler, 

 we shall go, &c. 



As peculiarities of bad pronunciation I may mention the diphthong 

 oi, always pronounced as ai, with the sound of the final consonant, thus: 

 Froid, droit, &c, are fraite, draite, &c; also the broad, nasal sound of 

 the a, as in the following sentence: go, neva pas. The latter peculiarity 

 is characteristic of the Canadian pronunciation of French. 



Xames. — The names of metis are those of many Canadian families, and 

 arc mostly found in those western and northern provinces of France from 

 which Canada received its first settlers. 



We find here and there a scion of aristocracy. On the Lakes and in 

 Manitoba: Saint-Luc de Repentigny, Bonaventure Saint-Arnaud, 

 Charles de Montigny, Louis Saint-Cyr, Pierre Saint-Germain, de la 

 Morandiere, de la Rondo, &c. Farther north : Le Camarade de Mande- 

 ville, de Saint-George, de Laporte, de Saint-Luc, de Chaumont-Racette, 

 de Lepinais, de Charlais, &c. 



Among the most common family names, we notice on the Red River: 

 Boucher, Bois- Vert, Bourassa, Boyer, Cadotte, Capelette, Carriere, De- 

 lornie, Deschambeau, Dumas, Flamand, Galarneau, Gosselin, Grand- 

 Hois, Gaudry, Goulefc, Hupe, Larocque, Lucicr, Lagemodiere, Laderoute, 

 Lepuie, Laframbaise, Letendre, Morin, Montreuil, Martel, Norma ml, 

 Binville, Villebrun, &c. 



At Mackinac and other place on the Lakes: Saint-Andre?, Brisebois, 

 Bellanger, Bonneau, Boucher, Landry, Biron, Chevalier, Cadotte,Chenier, 

 Deschamps, Frichette, Giroux, Gendron, Grondin, IJamelin, Lapierre, 

 Lavallee, Lecuyer, Levequc, Lusignau, Labutte, Lepine. Mainville, 

 N-iliii, Plaute, Pelletier, Perrault, Pilotte, Piquette, Riel, Saintonge, 

 Thibault, &c. 



At French Prairie (Oregon) : Grcgoire, Maison, Lachapelle, Delorme, 

 Vandal, Lucicr, Gervais, Rondeau, &c. 



