3G2 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



but immediately surrounding- it we found some half dozen arrow-points 

 of curious construction, also a slate pipe. Three of the arrow-points are 

 different in shape or style from any in my collection of about a thousand. 

 This is the first instance in this region of flint implements being found 

 witli remains in mounds. 



The few fragments that occurred in No. 2 are in my possession; the 

 ax found in No. 3 is in the possession of Mr. Leverck, of this city (Mus- 

 catine). The pipe, arrow-points, and skull found in No. 5 are in the 

 Academy of Science in this city. Nearly all the articles of value found 

 in this region are picked up on the surface, or found in excavating for 

 buildings, tilling, &c. Young timber is growing on nearly all the 

 mounds. The oldest I have seen shows one hundred and twenty years 

 of annual growth. The mounds upon Muscatine Island have been 

 washed out within the last seven years by tillage and the washing of 

 the river. The dead are found in mounds. No plan whatever seems to 

 Lave been followed in their burial. They are scattered among the 

 mounds as if by chance, sometimes found in one large mound, while the 

 next will be destitute of all traces of burial, while a little mound off to one 

 side, apparently but half completed, will contain remains. I have made 

 the utmost effort to discover a law in the shape of the mound and 

 its situation in reference to other mounds, whether overlooking the val- 

 leys or situated back from the edge, whether surrounded or on the out- 

 skirts, but am as far from any decision in the matter as in the beginning. 

 I do not believe that they were all used for burial places ; since the dead 

 must have been buried in the midst of the village. All those of which 

 I have knowledge were lying stretched out. In No. 5 the body was 

 lying on the right side with the face to the west. Although, generally, 

 it is almost impossible to determine the position of real Mound-build- 

 ers' remains — as they are general ly so disintegrated — I have frequently 

 found the remains of the modern Indian in mounds near the surface 

 buried in a sitting position. In Nos. 2 and 5 the bodies had the head 

 to the north. In No. 5 they were lying on the right side with the face to 

 the west. I think they are always found with the head to the north in 

 this locality They were simply buried in the earth, although in No. 2 

 we thought we discovered an arch-like crust over the remains, as if 

 some pasty substance had been spread above the body and allowed to 

 dry. They are generally on a level with or a little below the present 

 natural surface. 



Nests or pockets of arrow-points, &c, are said to have been found in 

 Illinois opposite the city of Muscatine. I have been told by farmers 

 who Hist tilled the land opposite that "they sometimes plowed up from 

 a peck to a half bushel of arrow-points, &C." Sometimes these would be 

 nearly all perfect, at other times but partly completed. This occurred 

 in early times when the country was new. They say they have never 

 plowed 1 1 1 > stone implements, such as axes, &c, under the same circum- 

 stances. The refuse here consists of thousands of flint chippings and 



