ANTHROPOLOGY. 411 



ure is nearly half an acre in extent, and four different men claim an 

 interest in it, a land corner being located on it ; besides this it supports 

 an orange grove. The location is beautiful, the land fertile, and fresh 

 water abundant. 



Some years ago a storm drove the waters of the bay against it, car- 

 rying away a portion of the eastern base and exposing its internal struct- 

 ure. It is built of sand and shell in alternate layers. It is said that 

 many bones were washed out of it at the time ; but its structure and 

 general appearance indicate that it was designed as a domiciliary mound, 

 like others of its class. As the permission of the owners was necessary 

 before anything could be done, I did not take any measurements or 

 make any explorations. 



VOGDES' MOUND AT TAMPA. 



I will conclude the present report with a description of this mound, 

 copied from the Tampa Sunland and Tribune of November 18, 187G, 

 written by Lieut. A. W. Vogdes, of the Fifth Artillery, U. S. A., not that 

 I agree with any of his deductions or conclusions, but simply because it 

 contains a very minute description of what he found in the mound. I 

 will further state that it is not a shell mound proper, but is built of al- 

 ternate layers of sand and shell, like all the domiciliary mounds hitherto 

 described. The measurements, which he neglects to give, are: Length, 

 108 feet; width, 100 feet; height, 7 to 9 feet. The sand was obtained 

 close at hand from excavations along the western base. I examined 

 the shells taken from several layers, and found none that arc not common 

 and abundant in the bay to-day, and I see no good reason for attribut- 

 ing to this mound a greater age than any described in this report be- 

 cause some of Xh& shells are found fossil in the Pliocene. Partial cre- 

 7iiation, which I have shown to have been common in this region, will 

 account satisfactorily for the charred bones, and relieve the aborigines 

 of the unnecessary charge of cannibalism. 



" On the military reservation of Fort Brooke, near the seashore, there 

 are several shell mounds, the largest of which the writer has spent many 

 spare moments investigating. After carefully measuring this mound 

 we dug into its center, and at a depth of 5 feet struck a layer of oyster 

 shells (Ostrea virginianum) about one foot in depth. Below this heap we 

 found the remains of a mound-builder, a male, giving us the following 

 measurements: The greatest longitudinal diameter [of the cranium], 1\ 

 inches; breadth between the points of parietal bones, \S inches; inter- 

 nal capacity, measured with No. 8 shot, -1 pounds, avoirdupois; cir- 

 cumference, taken by tape measure on a plane, including glabella, occi- 

 put, and lateral points, i'l inches. The body lay at an angle of about 

 10°, the head lowest and towards the east. No ornaments were found 

 deposited with or near the remains. 



"During other visits to this mound, and after making many excava- 



