442 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



THE GULF STATES. 



Biddle, Henry J. — Describes mound on Saint John's River, Florida, 

 four miles below Palatka; the most northern mound on the river, except 

 one ; 200 feet long, 40 feet wide, 10 feet high. 



Bomar, Thomas H. — Spartanburg County, South Carolina, is singu- 

 larly barren of any vestiges of prehistoric man. 



Bracht, V. — Aransas County, Texas, reports that there are no an- 

 tiquities on Live Oak Peninsula, but many mounds and graves near Salt 

 Creek, on Byrnes Bay, where the Carancahua Indians formerly dwelt. 



Cadle, C. — On the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, Alabama, one mile 

 from Point Clear, are banks of shells, 10 to 30 feet wide, 1 to 3 feet 

 thick, and one-quarter mile in length. On this bank are two annular 

 elevations of shells 2 feet above the surface and 00 feet in diameter. 

 There are other shell banks in the vicinity. 



Floyd, Henry. — Unexplored mounds occur on Ouachita River, Louis- 

 iana, on Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers, in Warren County, Mississippi, 

 and on Deer Creek, in Sharkey County. They are situated on streams, 

 near springs. They are in groups of threes, oval in shape, or nearly 

 circular, flat on the fop, the largest occupying over an acre. 



Clarke, S. C. — On the Halifax and Hillsborough Rivers, in Volusia 

 County, Florida, are great numbers of shell heaps, almost every im- 

 portant bluff and landing place being thus occupied. Although called 

 " rivers," these stretches of salt water are more properly sounds or bays, 

 being shallow expanses, separated from the sea by narrow beaches of 

 Sand. Some of these mounds have been described; turtle mound, for 

 instance, on Musquito Lagoon, by Dr. Brinton, of Philadelphia. There is 

 one of these shell heaps on the Halifax River, near the inlet, which 

 differs in form from any otherthat he has seen, being in the form of a circu- 

 lar bowl, the walls of which are perhaps 20 feet in heigh i. audi he inclosed 

 space from 50 to 100 feet in diameter. The mound lies about 50 yards 

 from the river, and has an opening on the river front, as if for a gate or 

 sallyport, the whole structure giving the idea of a military work. It con- 

 sists principally of oyster-shells, all of which have been separated and 

 opened by human hands. It may be here remarked that these mounds 

 consist either of oyster or clam shells — seldom of both. Among these 

 oyster-shells are mingled those of conchs (Pyrula, Busycon, and Strombus) 

 now occurring in the vicinity; also those of the Thorny Conch (Melon- 

 gena corona), which is at present very rare on this coast. Charcoal and 

 the bones of small mammals and birds are found among the shells, as 

 also many fragments of pottery, some samples of which have been sent; 

 the whole mound is covered with a natural grove of wild orange trees. 

 Flint arrow-heads have been found here also, which must have been 

 brought from a considerable distance, the nearest deposit of flint being, 

 it is believed, in Georgia, some hundreds of miles away. In Albany, 

 Dougherty County. Georgia, are great beds of the purest flint or horn- 

 stone, which splits easily; and here seems to have been a great inanu- 



