BIBLIOGRAPHY OF U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. G77 



Henky G. Bkykk. The Iiillupuceof Cocalno, Atropiiio | and Caffeine on the Heart, | 

 aud Blood-vessels. | By | H. G. Boyer, M. D.,M. K. C. S., | Passed Assistant Sur- 

 geon, U. S. N., Honorary Curator, Section Materia Medica, | U. S. National Mu- 

 seum. I — I From I The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. | July, 1885. 

 8vo. pp. 1-31. Plates, 2. 



Also published under the title "Biological deductions from a comparative study of the in- 

 fluence of Cocaine aud Atropine on the Organs of Circulation." (Abstract.) Proc. Am. AiS. 

 Adv. Sei., xxxiv, 1885, pp. 318-32:. This abstract and the one below published together as 

 separates. 



In this paper the conclusions arrived at were stated to be abont as follows, viz : The atro- 

 pine-muscarine antagonism, as manifested by the heart, is i)robably of a muscular nature 

 rather than a nervous plienomenou, as has been supposed hitherto. Atropine stimulates the 

 endings of both vagus and accelerator nerves within the heart as well as tho muscular sub- 

 stance of the organ. Cocaine alfects the nerve-endings in the same manner as atropine does; 

 but, unlike the latter, has uo stimulatory action on the muscular substance of the heart. 



Henry G. Beyer. A Study of the Structure of Lingula {Glottidia) pyramidaia Stimp, 

 (Dall), by H. G. Beyer, M. D., F. R. C. S., Passed Assistant Surgeon, U.S. Navy, 

 Honorary Curator, Section Materia Medica, U. S. National Museum. 



Studies from the Tiiological Laboratory (Johns Hopkins University), in, No. 5, 1SS6, pp. 227- 

 265. 



Also as the Structure of Glottidia pyramidata (Stimp.) Dall. (Abstract.) Proc. Am. Ass. A dv. 

 Sei., XXXIV, 1885, pp. 321-324. 

 This abstract and the one immediately above published together as separates. 

 The following are the prominent points brought out in this paper: 



1. Shell-structure. — The so-called Jiorny layers of the shell are not identical in structure with 

 the periostracum, but are composed of supporting tissue and represent the homologues of the 

 vertical septa in Testicardine brachiopods. 



2. Body-wall, mantle, and peduncle. — Consist of three layers, namely: An outer ectodermal 

 covering, made up of one or more layers of small cuboidal nucleated cells, a middle layer of 

 supporting substance, variously modified according to situation, and an internal layer of lining 

 peritoneal epithelium, which latter is flattened and is provided with a sm.all central nucleus. 



3. Alimentary canal. — Consists of three layers throughout its whole extent, viz: a, an ex- 

 ternal layer of very loose supporting substance, covered on its outer side witu peritoneal epi- 

 thelium and blood-corpuscles ; b, a middle layer of extremely minute and very little differen- 

 tiated cells ; c, an internal layer of long and very narrow ciliated cells. The intestinal canal 

 opens by an anus into the mantle-chamber. 



4. Muscular structure. — All the muscles were found to be of the non-striated variety. Cer- 

 tain structures which have been described as parietal muscles aud as the muscle of the pe- 

 duncle were found to possess the characters of mesenchymatous-snpporting substance and 

 were, accordingly, relegated to that class of tissues rather than muscles. 



5. Vascular system.. — No central circulatory propelling organ nor a closed system of blood- 

 vessels were found, but, instead, two oblong, pyriforra, sack-like organs, situated on either side 

 of the cesophagus, which, it was thought, might perhaps function as heart. 



6. Nervous system. — Is subectodermal and consists of five ganglionic enlargements, which, 

 from their respective situations, were termed as follows : 



(1) the large central snboesophageal ganglion; (2) the two dorso-lateral or supra-oeso- 

 phageal ganglia ; (3) the two ventro-lateral ganglia. They are ail joined together by a circum- 

 oesophageal commissure of fine nerve-fibers. That i)ortion of the commissures connecting the 

 ventro-lateral with the dorso- lateral ganglia is <iouble. Both multipolar and apolar nerve-cells 

 were Ibund, all of them being comparatively small and consisting of a finely granular proto. 

 plasm with a small round central nucleus. 



7. Genital organs. — Both male and female organs of generation were foundpresent within the 

 same individual. The mantle-sinuses inclose a band, termed the "genital band," from which 

 ova, as well as spermatophores are developed. "Within the body cavity the ova spring more 

 exclusively from the peritoneal membrane, covering the mesenteric bands and tlieir reflected 

 portions, while the spermatophores develop from the spongj' net-work of supporting substance 

 covering the lateral body- wall on its inner surface. 



William G. Binxey. Department of the Interior: | U. S. National Museum. | — | 

 Bulletin | of the | U. S. National Museum. | No. 28. | A Manual of American Land 

 Shells. I By | W. G. Binuoy. | — | Washington: | Government Printing Office. | 

 188.'). 



8vo. pp. ]-r)28, 510 figures. 



A general manual, illustr.ited with w.iod-ciil.s, treating of tlio species systematically under 

 each m.alacological ])rovince. 



