VULCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY. 219 



drographj-, orography, and geology of the mountain. {Trans, S, S. of 

 Japan, V, 19.) 



Capt. C. E. Dutton, U. S. A., describes (Am. Jour. Sci.,xxY, 219) his 

 observations dnriug an extended examination of the volcanoes of the 

 Hawaiian Islands. He visited the crater of Kiiauea, watching the 

 action of the lava in the lakes, and reaching the conclusion that it has 

 no connection with Mauna Loa. At the latter the results of the great 

 erui)tion of 1880-81 were particularly examined. The largest lava 

 stream from this eruption was 50 miles long and varied in width from 

 half a mile to 2 miles. Comparing Manna Kea with Manna Loa, a 

 dift'erence in the character of the lavas is noted, and also their abun- 

 dance of fragmental products on the former contrasted with the notable 

 absence on the latter. The other volcanoes of Hawaii, as also those on 

 Maui and Oahu, were visited, and abundant evidences of recent eleva- 

 tion were found, with marked traces also of subsidence in some por- 

 tions. 



Messrs. Hague and Iddings, of the United States Geological Survey, 

 have given [Ain. Jour. Sci., xxvi, 222) some results of a reconnaissance 

 of several of the extinct volcanic cones of Northern California, Oregon, 

 and Washington Territory, made in 1870, but not hitherto published. 

 The localities described arc Lassen's Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, 

 and Mount Shasta, and the article is mostly occupied with the litholog- 

 ical and chemical discussion of the rock specimens brought from these 

 mountains. These four cones present many close resemblances in the 

 character of their rocks. They are all andesite volcanoes, with extru- 

 sions of basalt breaking out upon their slopes and along the edges of 

 the plain, extending in all directions for long distances. 



SEISMOLOGY. 



The eighteenth annual report of Dr. C. W. 0. Fuchs describes the 

 volcanic and seismic phenomena of the year 1882, mentioning an un- 

 important eruption of Vesuvius in January and February, the slight 

 activity of Etna and Stromboli during the spring months, and a little- 

 known eruption of Chiriqui, in Central America, in September. 



The catalogue of earthquakes includes 217 items, classified in time as 

 follows : Winter, 73 : December, 19 ; January, 30 ; February, 24. Spring^ 

 56: March, 34; April, 12; May, 10. Simmer, 35: June, 5; July, 20 j 

 August, 10. Autumn, 53: September, 13; October, 28; November, 

 12. 



Additions to his previous reports are given, numbering, for 1879, 37 

 items; for 1880, 56 items; for 1881, 114 items. {Min. u. petr. MittJt., 

 1883.) 



The only earthquake of importance in 1882, as reported by Dr. Fuchs, 

 accompanied the eruption of Chiriqui, and extended throughout the 

 Isthmus of Panama and the adjacent portions of Central America anil 

 the northern coast of South xVmcrica. It occurred at 3*' 18™ on the 



