NORTH AMERICAN INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY, 571 



of certain species of plants, the divers horizons of coal strata in dilier- 

 ent localities. But with the exception of a few cases of marked iden- 

 tity, as long as the observations were confined to a field of limited area, 

 he considers it is right to say that generally the data furnished by re- 

 mains of fossil plants are either insufficient or deceptive ; insufficient, 

 because the specimens of fossil plants are rarely found representing 

 such a number of species that a satisfactory comparison can be made 

 between the plants of different localities ; deceptive, because the vege- 

 tation of the coal period, like that of the ijresent epoch, has been sub- 

 jected to great variations, according to geographical distribution or 

 local influences. Professor Lesquereux makes four distinct modifica- 

 tions of the essential characters of the pre-Carboniferous and Carbonifer- 

 ous floras. The first, comprising the Lower or pre-Carboniferous, is per- 

 sistent in the Devonian, Chemung, and the Catskill j the second, partly 

 marked in the Pocono, becomes modified and persistent in the sub and 

 intra conglomerate measures ; the third pertains to the lower pro- 

 ductive coal measures from above the conglomerate to the base of the 

 barren beds of Pennsylvania; the fourth is that of the upper pro- 

 ductive coal measures, including the Pittsburgh coal and a few hun- 

 dred feet above. Of course some species of each group have a greater 

 degree of persistence, and pass from a lower to an upper stage. 



The author describes the new genus Dendrophyciis and the following 

 new species : 



Dendropliycus desorii, Galamostachys lanceolata, G. brevifolia, Volk- 

 mannia crassa, V. fertilis, Anniilaria aispidata, Equisetites gracilis, 

 Neuropteris carriij W. ohlongifolia, N. hlissii, ^. Griffithii, Odontopteris 

 patens, 0. monstruosa, 0. affinis, Tceniopteris truncata, Megalopteris recti- 

 nervis, GalUpteridium rigidum, Alethopteris crassa, Fseudopecopteris his- 

 pida, Pecopteris carrii, Pecopteris georgiana, Pecopteris ornata, Sphenop- 

 teris communis, S. incequilateralis, S. harveyi, S. {Diplothmema) tracyana, 

 8. royi, S. solida, Eremopteris cJieathami, Archccopteris denticulata, A. 

 sphenophyWfoUa, A. macilenta, Lycopodites arhorescens, L. JlexifoUus, L. 

 lacoei, Lepidophloios dilatatus, Lepidophylhim cultriforme, L. fallax, L. 

 camphellianum, L. gracile, L. minutum, L. coriaceum, L. elegans, Tceni- 

 ophyllum hrevifolium, Sigillaria Grand ^Euryi, S. leverethii, Gordaianthus 

 Jiexuosus, G. spicatus, G. rugosus, Gordaicarpus cinctus, Gordaicarpus sta- 

 bilis, G. lineatus, Gardiocarpus dilatatus, Gardiocarpus patens, G. speci- 

 osuH, G. Harveyi, G. longicollis, G. ovalis, G. conglobatus, G. divergens, G. 

 latior, G. crasstis, G. circularis, G. diplotesta, G. pusillus, Rhahdocarpus 

 late-cosiatus, R. inflatiis, R. siib-glohosus, R. pachytesta, R. emarginatus. 

 R. tenax, R. abnormalis, R. apiculatus, Trigonocarpus adamsU, T. perpu 

 sillvK, Trigonocarpus grandis, T. starkianus, T. kansaseanus, T. multistri 

 atus, T. ampuUaformis, Ga.rpolithes conicus, G. butlerianus, G. perpusillu^ 

 G latior, G. transectus, Dictyophytum ramosum, Macrostachya communis 

 M. minor, Odontopteris dilatata, Lesley a micropliylla, Megalopteris dentata 

 M. serrato, Alethopteris evansii, A. robnsta, Stcmmatopicri.s mi>rostigma, 

 /). anctpsf, Rachiopteris squamosa, Lcpidodendron rigidum, Knorria com- 



