ZOOLOGY. 589 



II. PROTOZOANS. 



Sporozoans. 



A new Sporozoan type. — lu 1883 ])r. A. Schneider described a new 

 type of Sporozoans to wbich be grave tbe name Oph-rjocyatis hiitscliUL 

 Later studies bave not only confirmed tbe distinctness of tbe form, but 

 revealed cliaracteristies so different from tbose maniiested by otbers of 

 the class, as to bave impelled the author to distinguish it as tbe type of 

 "a new order of Anioebospdridia." The Amcebiforni stage is very ver- 

 satile in its phases and lias "a facies altogether different to that of any 

 known Sporozoan;" there is "a large number of nuclei," and in this 

 respect it ])resents an analogy '• to certain Amcebina, and distantly to 

 the Myxosporidia." A "conjugation of two always uninuclear indi- 

 viduals has been observed, but conjugation is not known among tbe 

 Coccidia, and this ])eculiarity allies Ophryoeystis to tbe most differen- 

 tiated Gregarines. The mode of sporulation allies them possibly to the 

 ^lyxosporidia, while, on the other hand, the production of falciform 

 bodies or sporozoites in tbe spores is the exact opposite of what takes 

 place in the Myxospoiidia." In fine, tbe process of conjugation and 

 the mode of sporulation distinguishes Opbryocystids "from the Coc- 

 cidia, as do tbe ])seudopod!a and the sporulation from the Grcgarinidse, 

 and the falciform corpuscles from the IMyxosporidia." {Arch. Zool. 

 ExpSr. et GSn., ii, pp. 111-126, 1 pL; J. B. M. S. (2), v, pp. 82-83.) 



Bhi^sopods. 



A continental Foraminifer. — Tbe Foraminifers hitherto known are in- 

 habitants of tbe ocean, and tbe discovery of a species of the order in 

 saline continental waters is therefore of unusual interest. Tbe form in 

 question proved to be not only a new species but a i)K'viously unknown 

 generic tyjie. Its infusorian companions were mostly of marine types 

 of new species or conspecific with already known sea-forms, but " a 

 fourth of the whole number are only known as freshwater forms." 



Tbe new foraminiferous genns has been named Enizia and belongs 

 to tbe group of Helicostefjia ; the shell in form resembles the Botalince 

 of the group GIohiffcrina\ in structure the TrochamminWj and " the chem- 

 ical constitution is that of Difflngia, Trochammina,iiml some of tlie Globi- 

 (jerina ;" it is stated that it closely connects tbe last with the Lagenidcc 

 by means of Trochammina and the Botalince. {Zeitschr. /. wiss. Zool., 

 XL, pp. 4Gi"i-480 ; J. 7^. .1/. S. (2), iv, pp. 700-761.) 



Dimorphism in Orbulina.— Long ago it was shown that in the interior 

 of the foraminiferous " shells" of the Orbulina type or genus were giobi- 

 gerina-like bodies, and it was even urged that one was a stage of the 

 other. Valid objections, however, were .brought against this view, but 

 tbe relations of the two required elucidation. Recently numerous 

 specimens of Orbuliua universa, most of which were dredged from a 



