ANTHROPOLOGY. 681 



will not do; the word was pi-c-einpted by Bhiinville for a {4eiuis of 

 Simiiuse, aud we should lathcr say Pithccanthropon. But what ignis 

 fatiius are we pursuing that becomes man or ape, according as geolo- 

 gists say man shall or shall not appear in the Miocene? If the Hints of 

 Thenay are artificially wrought, that is man's worlv, whether it was 

 done in Eocene or post-Pliocene. Even then we are far from the first 

 man, who did not imbibe knowledge of flint dressing with his mother's 

 milk. 



ARCH^OLOGrY. 



A permanent contribution to archaiological and i)roto-historic litera- 

 ture is the work of Dr. Charles Rau, on prehistoric fishing, forming part 

 of Vol. XXV of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. The au- 

 thor divides his treatise into two parts, the first lelating to Europe, the 

 second to America. An ai)pendix gives extracts fro.n the early writers, 

 Egede, Crantz, Lloyd, de Ijaet, de Champlain, Sagard Theodat, Le 

 Jeune, Charlevoix, Ilenry, Hearne, Mackenzie, Williams, Johnson, Ogil- 

 by, Josselyn, Vander Donck, Kalm, Morgan, Loskiel, DeBry, John 

 Smith, Beverly, Lawson, Brickell, Adair, Du Pratz, Wyeth, Catlin, 

 Powers, Stone, Dunn, Swan, Meares, Captain Cook, and Captain King. 



In the discussion of European fishing, a chronological order is fol- 

 lowed. Of the Palaeolithic Age, the drift iJeriod furnishes no relics of 

 fishing implements, the cave period contributes fish hooks, harpoon- 

 heads, and fish remains. The i^eolithic and the Bronze Ages, in all 

 their periods, are rich in the evidences of great activity in this industry. 

 The second part of the volume, relating to North America, is divided 

 into chapters by subjects : Fishing implements, boats, and ai)purte- 

 nances; prehistoric structures connected with fishiug; representations 

 of aquatic animals on pipes, &c. ; and artificial shell deposits. 



In the month of November, 1883, some workmen brought to Dr. Anton 

 Fritsch, from the clay behind the brewery at Podbaba, near Prague, 

 the remains of a human skull. It was taken from undisturbed brick 

 clay (loess) two meters thick, lying under one meter of dense loam, and 

 at the same level at which, about a week previously, a tusk of the mam- 

 moth had been obtained. The skull consists of the frontal bone, the 

 whole left parietal, a fragment of the right as well as a part of the left 

 temporal bone, with the petrous. The comparison of this skull with a 

 modern normal one reveals a low arch, a forehead sloi)e of 50*^, strongly 

 developed eyebrows, as in the Neanderthal skull. In the layer above 

 that containing this skull are found skeletons and artefacts of the 

 Bronze Age, while in the loess occur remains of the mammoth. Rhinoc- 

 eros tichorhinus, reindeer, aud horse. Professor Schaallhansen is of the 

 oi)inion that there is not enough of the skull remaining to Justifv drlinite 

 conclusions. 



The horse has been so long associated with man that its history is 

 considered to be necessary to a study of human environnuMit. The 

 horses, which constitute the genus Equus of Linnteus, and are the solo 



