ArpEXDix IT. 

 REPORT OF THE RURKAIT OF AMERK;AN ETHNOLOGY. 



Sir: I have tlie lionor to I'eport on the operations eondncted in tlie Bureau of 

 American Ethnology during tlie fiscal year ending June oO, 1902, under authority of 

 the act of Congress making provision "for continuing reseairhes relating to the 

 American Indians under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution," approved 

 March 4, 1901. The work was carried forward in accordance with the formal plan 

 of operations submitted on May 20, 1901, and approved 1)y the Recretarv on Mav 

 23, 1901. 



Field operations were conducted in Alaska, Ai'izona, Rritish Columbia, (California, 

 Colorado, Chihuahua (Mexico), (ireenland, Indian Territory, Iowa, Maine, Missouri, 

 New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Porto Rico, Texas, and Wyoming. The 

 office work covered material gathered from most of the States and Territories, as well 

 as from various other parts of the American hemisphere. 



ScoI'K OK 'i'UK WOKK. 



Tlie researches of the year were conducted in accordance with an ethnic system 

 set foi-th in the earlier reports. This system may be defined as the Science of Eth- 

 nology iu its modern aspects. Although based on investigations in all parts of the 

 world duiing the past century, the s\'stem is essentially the i)rodu(tof the researches 

 in American ethnology during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. Now 

 that the system has assumed definite form, it affords a foundation not only for future 

 researches, but for applying the principles of ethnology to practical questions. 

 Accordingly the work of the year was gradually turneil toward lines bearing directly 

 on questions of public interest. 



Among the lines of work in what may be called Applied Ethnology, to which spe. ial 

 attention has been given during the year, two may be particularly mentioned: 



1. PJiy.vicnl rtlniologij. — On the institution of the Bureau in 1879 the Director found 

 the science incomplete in that it <lealt largely with merely casual chara teri.stics of 

 tribes and races, and neglected the essential characteristics expressed in the activities, 

 or the doings, of peoples. So, special attention was given to the habitual doings of 

 the several tribes studied, and at the Outset each was regarded as an activital type or 

 genus; these were then ( ompared, and in the light of the coi^^parison the activities 

 themselves were analyzed and afterward grouped systematically. It was in this v,ay 

 that the science of demononi}-, with its subdivisions e-.ch relating to a group of 

 activities, was developed. Now this great science, dealing as it does with the doings 

 of tribes and races, each regarded as a typical gronj), is practi ally confined to the 

 artificial or psyil;ic'il side of mankind; it l)arciy touches the; natui-ai or i)hysical 

 attributes; yet it affords a bas's for classifying these attributes and measur!ng the 

 infiuence of the prime force of demotic activity in shaping their development. In 

 other words, the earlier ethnology dealt only with features and traits inherited from 

 prehistoric ancestry; what may be called the New Ethnology deals with those traits 

 and human powers by which mankind is d stinguished from all other organisms. 

 The researches indicate that such traits and ])owers, such features and fa ulties, are 

 connected with tlie normal dcveloi)meiit of triljcs and races, and arc, itKk'cd, the 

 essential factors in the growth of nations. Accordingly it would seem that the time 



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