244 



EXPEEIMENTAL PHONETICS. 



very much alike. It was also observed that if one of the tambours did 

 not act sa}' the one recording the vibrations of the hirynx, it was diffi- 

 cult to distini^uish the tracino-s of certain consonantal sounds. Thus p 



resembled J, so far as the 

 movements of the lips 

 and the nasal pressures 

 were concerned, but with 

 1) there is a vibration of 

 the larynx as well, while 

 this is absent in the trac- 

 ing of ^>. In fig. 2 is 

 shown a table in which 

 is depicted the traces ob- 

 tained on uttering the 

 vowel a either })efore or 

 after various consonants. 

 In these tracings, p n 

 indicates nasal pressure, 



V / vibrations of the lar- 

 ynx, and M I movements 

 of the mouth. Five ex- 

 amples are given of com- 

 binations of A with con- 

 sonants. If there is no 

 emission of air from the 

 nostrils, the line p n is 

 unbroken and horizontal, 

 but if there is emission, 

 then an elevation is seen 

 as in A 3 with a m^ or 

 VI a. A sinuous line in 



V I shows that the larynx 

 vibrates, })ut if there is 

 no laryngeal vibration 

 the line is straight. It 

 will be observed that in 

 some cases the larynx 

 vibrates throughout all 

 the experiment, as in A 

 2, while in others there 

 is an interruption, as in 

 B 1. The movements of 



the lips in m I show a curve which vai'ies in amplitude and duration 

 according as the lips are more or less approximated and according to 

 the duration of complete or partial occlusion. 



