EXPEKIMENTAL PHONETICS, 



245 



These syllabic sounds may l)e tenncd phones. This research is an 

 excellent example of the application of the j^raphic method to tlie 

 movements of speech. The method has l)een much develo})e(l by 

 Rousselot" in the College de France, where there now exists a special 

 la))oratoiy for research in phonetics. 



Professor Marey, whose earlier researches are well known to have 

 had much to do with the development of the kinematogTapii, em})loyed, 

 so long ago as 1SS8, chronophotography to catch those evanescent 

 changes of the countenance the sum total of which give expression 

 to the face in speech. In tig. 3 are seen the changes of expression in 



Fig. 4. — Photophone of Dumeny. A, glass disc carrying the pictures; B, another disc, iicrforatert; L 



electric lamp; O, lens. 



a woman's face in speaking during a period of half a second. If 

 these successive pictures are projected by a lantern (hg, 4) there is 

 an animated face on the screen. In this way Marichelh? su(M'eeds in 

 placing before the eyes of deaf mutes images of the movcmients of 

 speech which they are urged to imitat(\ 



It is interesting, in the next place, to trace the etl'orts that ha\'e 

 been made by physicists and pliysiologists to record the pressures 

 produced ))y sound waves, and more especially those of the \'oicc, 



"RouHHelot: Principes de Phonetique Experimentale (Paris, 1897). 



