THP: ORAJSriULOGY OF MAN AND ANTHKUPOID APES. 443 



of the liinyiiaoe.s now s^joken in Europe; their religious .sentiments, 

 myths, and. above all, their racial, mental, and physical characters, as 

 portrayed in the Rio-Veda and on the ancient monuments of Egypt, 

 are pronounced features in the existing Teutonic and Anglo-Saxon 

 people. Erom the form of the crania found in many of these long 

 dolmens we know that this tall, fair, handsome, long-skulled race 

 intermarried with the preexisting short, dark Ih(»rian inhal)itant,s of 

 Europe. The fair,. tall race probably did not at any time, unless in 

 the north of Europe, form a large proportion of the po])ulation. They 

 were a dominating, lighting, and priestly caste, who compelled the 

 pi'imitive. small, dark (Ibei'iati) iidiabitants of western Europe to 

 work as their sla\'es. 



During the Neolithic era. while the descendants of the })roto-Aryan 

 stock were slowly feeling theii' way from the East along the valley t)f 

 the I)amd)e into Europe, a very diti'erent race were ])assing from 

 northern Asia into the Baltic provinces. These peo})h' foi-med settle- 

 ments on tile islands of Demuark and westward as far as the north 

 of Ireland. They were the lirst of the broad-skulled races of the 

 human family who had entered Europe. Their skulls were brachy- 

 cephalic in foi'in. with l)road faces and noses, the latter being deeply 

 concave at the base. Their remains are found in the islands of Den- 

 mark, especially that of Moen.also in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Statlord- 

 shire," and in Cos. Antrim and Tyrone,-' in which localities their 

 descendants may still be recognized l>y their physical characters. 

 The_y l)ui'i<Ml their dead and did not practice cremation, as did the 

 Mongolians of the l)ronze age in Europe. These people belonged to 

 the ston(> age of Europe, and by compai'ing their skulls with those of 

 the Kodmarton or Cro-Magnon crania we see the great diti'erence in 

 form of the j)r(diistoric long and the broad-headed races of men. 



Cntil the close, therefore, of the Neolithic epoch there were three 

 ])ure races who formed the sole luiman inhabitants of Europe, so far 

 as we can judge from theii" sknlls and othei' remains, with the excep- 

 tion of those who were the outcome of th(^ intcM-marriage of these 

 three races of people with one another. 



Passing fi'oin the Neolithic to the succeeding bronze age, we believe 

 that Europe was overrun by a small, broad-skulled people ha\ing 

 characteristic Mongoloid featui'cs. These people were probably, in 

 their Asiatic home, originally derived from th(> same stock as tlu^ tall, 

 fair, broad-skulled North Mongolian race above referred to. But the 

 southern Mongoloid people of the bronze age in Europe were a small 

 race of men with dark liair and eyes. These were the early lalce 

 dwellers of Switzerland and other parts of Europe. Prof. A. C. 



« Crania Britannica, tables on, pp. 241-244. 



''Prof. A. ('. Haddon. See Studies in Irisli ( runiology, Proceeding^! of lioyal Irish 

 Academy, vol. iv, p. 577. 



