THE CRANIOLOGY (>F MAN AND ANTHROPOID APES. 445 



excellence in workniannhip." The size of the hundles of the bronze 

 knives and other weapons, as well as the bangles, prove that the peo- 

 ple who used them were a small race of men and women, we believe 

 best represented in Europe by the prehistoric short inhabitants of 

 AuvevgneJ' 



One of the finest skulls m our nuiseum was taken from a round ])ar- 

 row at Codford, Wilts, and although this skull must be at least live 

 thousand years old it still seems as if it were full of life and fun (see 

 illustration), characteristic features of the race to which it belonged. 

 The form of this 1)rachycephalic skull, together with its nasal bones 

 and orlnts, are clearl}^ Mongoloid in character, and nvo well known to 

 those of us who have lived in India as representing the Ghurkhas 

 and Burmese of the present day. A lazy, bright, rollicking people, 

 intensely superstitious and home loving — "the Irish of the East," as 

 they have been aptly called. In the course of many centuries the 

 southern Mongolian people of western Europe have unquestiona])ly 

 become absorbed into the preexisting Ibero-Aryan population: a cross 

 breed has resulted, and from this stock the ancient British people of 

 our islands were derived. Their skulls are mesocephalic (a comlnna- 

 tion of the long and l>road skull), and are amply represented in our 

 nuiseum. the cephalic indices being about seventy-eight.'' Sul)se<|uent 

 to the bronze age the ancient Britons were well-nigh exterminated in 

 England by Teutonic races, who in\'aded oui' country from the north 

 of Europe, the Anglo-Saxons taking the })lace of the preexisting 

 ancient British population of England and Scotland. Nevertheless, 

 in some districts of England, sucli as North BtMlfordshire, a luuuber 

 of the descendants of the ancient British stock contiiuie to tlourish up 

 to the present day, as also in the greater part of South ^^'ales, nuich 

 of Cornwall, and the south iuid west of Ireland, the upper classes in 

 Ireland being clearly derived from the ancient Aryan stock who passed 

 fi'om Gallia into that country during the Neolithic period. The illus- 

 trations show a characteristic head and face of one of the desciMidants 

 of the ancient British race and also of a typical Anglo-Saxon. 



Passing from prehistoric to the present time, we have come to pos- 

 sess the measurements of the heads of some 25, ()()(), 00<» of the existing 

 inhabitants of Europe.'' Eroiu these nu^asurements we learn that a 

 large })r()p()rti()n of the people now dwelling in the countries Ijorder- 

 ing on the Mediterranean Sea are a short, brunette, long-skulled race, 



«The Ancient Bronze Implements of Great Britain, by Sir John Evans. 



* Formation de la Nation Frangaise, par (J. T)e Mortiliet, Professor a I'Ecole 

 d'Anthropologie, ])p. 257, 269-270. See also The Dolnieii.^ of Ireland, by A. ('. Bor- 

 lase, pp. 1012-1014. 



'^The Mongolian ceiihalic index being from (Ugiity upward, and tiiatof tiie Ilicio- 

 Aryan seventy-five and below that fignre. 



f'Tlie races of Knropc, by, W. Z. l{ipley, p '.'A. 



