THE CRANIOLOGY OF MAN AND ANTHKOPOID APES. 447 



The same causes to whiclrwe have referi'ed, acting for long periods 

 of time on people of the sainC' race, have not only led to the heredi- 

 tary transmission of their physical characters, such as thosc^ existing 

 respectively among thi^ northern, central, and southern inhabitants of 

 Europe, but have also developed specialized areas of nerve structure 

 in their l»rains, by means of which they have come to think, feel, and 

 reason alike; thus having an inherent, widely-ditfused individuality. 

 In this way we are able to comprehend the source and the meaning of 

 hirge bodies of men ])elonging to the same race being freiiuently 

 moved to take conunon action on matters affecting the well-being of 

 their race; they possess, in fact, like innate sentiments, or racial char- 

 acteristics, although separated from one another by great distances 

 and living undei' diverse climates and environment. Their emotions 

 and ideals harmonize, because their progenitors existed for many ages 

 under similar external conditions, and consequently developed like 

 specialized nerve centers, which have been transmitted, together with 

 their physical characters, to their successors, and become crystallized 

 in their laws, and reflected in their conceptions of religion as well as 

 in their social institutions." 



In illustration of our meaning we may refer to those revolting 

 l)ages of history during which Belgium and the Netherlands passed 

 under the dominion of Spain, the Iberian dominating foi" the time 

 being over a thoroughly Teutonic race. Or we may contrast the (wist- 

 ing condition of the Iberian ])opulation of Soutli America with the 

 Teutonic Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of the I'^nited States, or that of the 

 latter with the negro population of America. 



We have a chart here which shows the result of the recent general 

 election held in this country; the question at issue was one in which 

 the whole of tlu> people of Great Britain w<>re deeply int(M-ested. It 

 is i-emarkable what a large proportion of the inhal)itants of England 

 ana of Scotland, mainly of Anglo-Saxon origin, voted together on this 

 sulqect: whereas a contrary opinion regarding this same question was 

 held by the gueater })roportion of the people of Ireland, and to a large 

 extent by th(> Welsh, most of whom are derived from Ibero-Mongolian 

 ancestors. It is difficult to account for the diversity in the sentiments 

 of the people above referred to, unless we consider it due to their 

 racial mental qualities.'' Environment has doubtless ])laye<l an impor- 



f'The Origin and Character of the British People, by N. C. Macnamara, \^. 192. 

 See also the Westminster Review, December, 1900, p. 634. 



*This idea is confirmed by tlie result of the elections that have lately taken i)lace 

 in Canada and in the United States of America. The younger brandies of our Anglo- 

 Saxon race, forming by far the larger proportion of the inhabitants of these vast and 

 riourishing dominions, had to solve a similar (piestion to that ])laced before the ])eo- 

 ple of (ireat Britain, and they have res]>ondi'd by a vast majority to this call, on 

 precisely the same* lines as those follo\vf<l hy Knglishmen, moved, \v<^ believe, by 

 common racial inherent sentiments. 



