504 GUAM AND ITS PEOPLE. 



practice of sorcery, and he regrets their lo\'e of worldly pleasures, 

 their disinclination for serious occupations, and complains that their 

 histor}' is ''obscured b}^ a thousand fables." 



After a time trouble arose between the missionaries and the natives. 

 At first the chiefs insisted that the benefits of baptism should not be 

 extended to the common people; then they began to doubt its 

 efficiency, and man}' who had been baptized reverted to their former 

 beliefs and practices. They resented the efforts of the missionaries 

 to change their marriage customs, the destruction of the sacred bones 

 of their fathers, and the forcible detention of children whom the mis- 

 sionaries had taken to educate. Finally, after four years of unceasing- 

 labor among them, Padre Sanvitorcs was killed while l)aptizing a child 

 against the will of its father. 



Active measures were now taken to reduce the natives. The Queen 

 of Spain, Maria Ana of Austria, widow of Philip IV, became inter- 

 ested in their conversion and founded a college for the education of 

 native youth, which she endowed with an annual income of 3,000 

 pesos. In honor of her the group was named "Las Islas Marianas." 

 The income from the fund bestow^ed by the Queen continued until the 

 seizure of the island of Guam by the United States. 



The Jesuits continued in the island for a century. At their expul- 

 sion, in 1769, in conformity with the edict of Carlos Til, their place 

 ■was taken by Recollet friars of the order of San Agostino. During 

 their stay the Jesuits not onh^ introduced many useful plants and 

 fruits from Mexico and from other countries, but the}^ taught the 

 natives many useful arts and habits of industry, established extensive 

 plantations, and brought to the island cattle, horses, mules, donkeys, 

 goats, and carabaos, or water buffalo. The youths under their care 

 were instructed in the elements of learning and in the Christian doc- 

 trine, and were trained to serve as acolytes. They instructed thmn 

 also in music. The inventory of their effects, taken at the time their 

 property was seized by order of the King, is still in Guam. Among 

 the items are "seven violins with their bows, three sweet flutes, two 

 harps, and one viol." The inv^entory also includes a list of black- 

 smith's tools, axes, planes, chisels, saws, and appliances for tanning 

 lcath(M-, together with a good supply of agricultural implements, and 

 the list of live stock and articles found on th(Mr farms showed that the 

 latter were in a flourishing condition. 



IH(mtf< introduced hy the missionaries. — The principal plants intro- 

 duced by the missionaries were maize, or iiidian corn, tobacco, 

 oranges, lemons, limes, pineapples, cashew nuts, or maranones, pea- 

 nuts, egg plants, tomatoes, and several species of Anona, besi(l(>s a 

 numb(M' of leguminous vegetables and garden herbs. 



With maize, the chief article of cultivation, came the Mexican 

 metatl and miuio for niakino" tortillas. Tobacco leaves were uscmI for 



