BOTANY. 317 



ogique one by Roiimeguere, both strongly against the parasitical nature 

 of the lichens. In Grevillea, Crombie, while in general discrediting 

 Schweudener's views, is uuAvilling to accei^t Miuks's theory with regard 

 to microgonidia, which he believes to be merely small particles having 

 a Brownian motion, as does also Nylander. The most extended work 

 on the nature of lichens published this year is an illustrated octavo of 

 about 250 pages by Minks, entitled Das Mierogonidium, in which his 

 well-known views are given in great detail. In the Am. Jour, of Science 

 Professor Tuckerman, in discussing the question of the gonidia of lichens, 

 states that he has observed microgonidium-like masses in FarmeUa tiUacea 

 Y.flavlcans, and in the Bibliotheque Universelle Prof. J. Miiller states 

 that he has seen microgonidia in two other species of Parmelia. 



Fungi. — As usual an immense number of new species of fungi has 

 been described during the year, principally in a large number of small 

 papers scattered through the different journals. In addition to the 

 journals, such as Grevillea, Hedwigia, and Michelia, devoted exclusively 

 to cryptogams, there appeared this year a new journal. Revue Mycolo- 

 gique, devoted exclusively to fungi. It is a large octavo, and is pub- 

 lislied quarterly under the editorship of M. Casimir Roumeguere of Tou- 

 louse. 



In the United States several important papers appeared. rThe thirty- 

 first annual report of the New York State ^Museum of Natural History 

 contains the report of the botanist, Mr. C. H. Peck, in which is em- 

 bodied a large amount of mycological matter, inchiding an arrangement 

 of the 2lijxonnjeeteH of Xew York according to Kostalinski's classification. 

 A second paper, read before the Albany Institute by Mr. Peck, is on the 

 United States Species of Lyeoperdon. Besides these papers a number of 

 new species of American fungi have been described in the Botanical 

 Gazette by Peck, in Grevillea by Cooke and Ellis, and by Von Thuemen 

 in the Bull. Torrey Club and Revue Mycologi<pie. A Californian species, 

 Helvella Californica, is described and figured by W. Philips in the 

 Trans. Linn. Soc. In the Am. Quart. Micros. Journ. is a paper by F. B. 

 Hines, Observations on several forms of Saprolegniecc. Several works of 

 importance have appeared in Europe. The Mycograpliia of Cooke has 

 been continued, and the first volume brought to completion. Berkeley 

 and Broome have described new species from Queensland in the Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. The fourth part of Karsten's Mycologia Fennica has appeared, 

 including the ITypodcrmii, Phycoynycctes^ and Myxomycetes^ also the Bis- 

 comycetes of Gillet's Champignons de la France. Oudemans Las pub- 

 lished several pajoers on fungi of the Netherlands in the Archives Neer- 

 landaises, and for Scotland one must note the Mycologia Scottica of 

 J. Stevenson. The Revue Mycologique contains a number of papers by 

 Roumeguere relating to fungi new to France, as well as some entirely 

 new species as Rupinia Pyrenaica. Hedwigia contains a number of 

 notices of Swiss fungi, by Winter, especially of fungi of the order ?7r*» 

 dinece. Besides papers already enumerated, Cooke has descriptions of 



