34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, L921. 



Mechanical and mineral technology. — One of the most important 

 fields of the division of mechanical technology is educational exhibits 

 visualizing the developments in the transportation systems of the 

 country and the details of such progress. In this connection there 

 were received a number of accessions, among which might be men- 

 tioned the gasoline automobile designed and constructed by Charles 

 E. Duryea in 1892-93, which represents probably the beginnings of 

 the automotive industry in this country. Another valuable acces- 

 sion was that of an operating model showing the cylinder mechanism 

 of the type of internal-combustion engine developed by the Willys- 

 Overland Co., of Toledo, Ohio. 



In the branch of aeronautics the extensive collections of the Institu- 

 tion were further enhanced by the receipt of the original experi- 

 mental hydroplane model devised by Mr. Edson F. Gallaudet, chair- 

 man of the board of directors of the Gallaudet Aircraft Corporation, 

 East Greenwich, R. I. This model was constructed and experi- 

 mented with in 1898, and is particularly interesting in that means 

 for lateral control and wing warping were incorporated but in prac- 

 tice were unsuccessful. 



The collections devoted to horology were increased through the 

 efforts of Mr. George W. Spier, honorary custodian of watches, by 

 the receipt of 10 valuable old watches; and Mr. Emile Berliner, of 

 Washington City, very generously presented two gramophones of 

 importance in the development of the talking machine, namely, the 

 first commercial type developed in 1893, and an electrically operated 

 machine devised by Mr. Berliner in 1896. 



Among the accessions received in mineral technology was one con- 

 sisting of over 400 specimens visualizing the interrelationship of the 

 several chemical industries of importance in the production of 

 aniline dyes, war gases, pharmaceuticals, and explosives. 



Graphic arts. — The increment in graphic arts included an exhibit 

 of hand-made paper; two books made along sixteenth century lines, 

 all the work of one man, type, composition, and paper; facsimiles 

 in type metal of 50 characters of supposedly the first font of metal 

 type ever cast; wood block prints by Thomas Bewick, the father of 

 wood engraving as used to-day; engraved wood block with pro- 

 gressive proofs in color by Rudolph Ruzicka; an exhibit of lead 

 molding electrotypes and the McKee treatment of electrotype plates ; 

 photogelatine and photogravure work extending over 30 or 40 years ; 

 historical examples of rotary photogravure; beautiful examples of 

 modern printing in black and white and color; soft ground etchings 

 in color by Benjamin C. Brown; etched plate with trial proofs by 

 Frank W. Benson, and dry-point etchings of President Harding, 

 taken from life by Walter Tittle. To the photographic section were 

 added a Jenkins camera making 30,000 exposures a minute ; a print 



