128 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1921. 



The original United States Trade-Mark No. 1, issued by United 

 States Patent Office, October 25, 1870, lent by Enoch A. Chase. 



The Section of Wood Technology has received through Ambas- 

 sador Davis, a large piece of timber recently removed from the 

 unique hammer-beam roof of Westminster Hall, which has been 

 undergoing extensive repairs under Sir Lionel Earle. The roof was 

 built by Eichard II, between the years 1393 and 1399, and is probably 

 the most interesting piece of construction of any ancient roof in 

 existence. 



The American Pharmaceutical Society and the United States 

 Pharmacopoeial Convention (Inc.), have deposited in the museum 

 several boxes of valuable historical documents consisting of manu- 

 scripts, corrected proof, and circulars, bearing on the development 

 of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 



BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY. 



During the past summer the Chief of the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology unearthed on the Mesa Verde National Park, Colo., a 

 temple formerly used by the early inhabitants of this region in the 

 worship of fire as a symbol of life. 



It is highty probable that this lost race, which constructed a large 

 special building for their fire cult, must have practiced most elaborate 

 fire ceremonies, far more complicated than the rites of their few 

 descendants, the Hopi Indians, among whom, however, the new fire 

 rites still survive as the most elaborate ceremony in (heir ritual. 



ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY. 



Research work. — A new observing station has been established by 

 Dr. C. G. Abbot, assistant secretary of the institution and director 

 of the Astrophysical Observatory, on Mount Harqua Hala, in 

 Arizona, for the purpose of carrying on solar constant measure- 

 ments, the instruments used in the work having been taken from 

 the old station on Mount Wilson, Calif. 



The instruments were restandardized with the result that the 

 secondary instruments in daily use were shown to have not altered 

 appreciably in the manjr years during which they have been em- 

 ployed on Mount Wilson. 



A new instrument called the " honeycomb pyranometer " was used 

 for measurements of nocturnal radiation. It derives its name from 

 the fact that it is composed of 200 deep, narrow cells, like a honey- 

 comb, so that rays which enter the cells, although they may not be 

 completely absorbed at first, yet by repeated reflections as they go 

 deeper and deeper within the cells, at length attain to complete 

 absorption and conversion into heat. These preliminarjr results give 



