FLIGHT OF BIRDS MEINERTZHAGEN. 



369 



Species. 



Geese. 



Duck. 



Do 



Brent geese. 

 Mallard 



Do 



Teal 



Houbara bustard . . 

 Stock dove 



Turtledove . 



Sand-grouse (Pt. 



oricntalis). 

 Sand-grouse (Pt. 



senegallus). 

 Pheasant 



Place. 



Ground 



speed 



(miles per 



hour). 



France . 



(?)- 



Q,uetta . . . 

 Scotland . 

 (?) 



France 



South Palestine.. 



Quetta 



do 



Sinai. 



Do... 



Partridge. 



Do... 



Quail 



Geoffroy's plover 

 ( Ch. geoffroyi). 



Quetta 



South Palestine . 



Mediterranean . . 

 Palestine 



Kentish plover 



Caspian plover ( Ch. 



asiaticus). 

 Caspian plover 



Dotterel. 



do 



East Africa. 



Golden plover. 



Pacific plover (Ch. 



do mink us). 

 Lapwing 



Do. 



Do. 

 Do. 



....do, 



South Palestine.. 



England 



S. Palestine. 

 France 



50i 



47.8 



51-59 

 i 45 

 '50 



Under » 50 

 44 



42J 



37 



43J 



474 



33.8 



38.1 

 32.1 

 140 



57 



34 



34 



51 



47 

 45.50J 



160 

 50-75 

 37 

 50 



.do., 

 .do. 



Remarks. 



' 40 45 

 42 



Altitude of flight, 4,210 feet. Head wind of 9 miles 



per hour. (See note F.) 

 Altitude of flight, 958 feet. Measured by a special 



theodolite. (Clayton, ibid.) 

 Eleven observations. Wind calm. (See Note A.) 

 By air-speed indicator. (Wynne.) 

 By air-speed indicator. Birds believed to be on 



passage. (Wynne.) 

 By air-speed indicator. (R. A. F.) 

 Single bird flying low and leisurely. (See note E.) 

 A single bird. Wind calm. (See note A.) 

 Fairly strong head wind. Bird flying to water. 



(See note E.) 

 Several tests made on birds flying their best along- 

 side a train. Speed of train obtained from kilo- 

 meter posts. No record of wind. 

 Bird flying from water. Slight head wind. (See 



note A.) 

 Bird flying from water. Altitude of flight, 460 



feet. Weather calm. (See note D.) 

 Experiment in covered gallery. (Field, Feb., 



1887.) 

 Experiment in the open. (Field, Feb., 1887.) 



Do. 

 By air-speed indicator. (R. A. F.) 

 Timed at sea over 500 yards distance. Birds on 



passage. (Lynes, Brit. B., vol. iii.) 

 Timed by speedometer in the Bay of Acre, birds 

 flying directly in front of the car. Birds could 

 be pressed up to 39 miles per hour, after which 

 the car could overtake them. Wind calm. 

 Same as for Geoffroy's plover. 

 Birds flying very low on passage. Wind calm 



(See note B.) 

 Birds flying at 480 feet. Strong side wind. Birds 



on passage. (See note B.) 

 Two observations. Birds flying very low. Strong 

 side wind of 11 and 21 miles per hour, respectively. 

 (See note D.) 

 Birds being pressed. By air-speed indicator. 



(Wynne.) 

 Not founded apparently on accurate observation. 



(Henshaw, Smithson. Inst. Rep. 1910.) 

 Single bird, flying against head wind of 12 miles per 

 hour. Altitude of flight 860 feet. (See note D.) 

 Altitude of flight 5,500 feet. Flying against a north 

 wind on spring passage. Means of estimate un- 

 known. (Portal, Field, 17. hi. 17.) 

 Observation by air-speed indicator. (R. A. F.) 

 Altitude of flight 1,410 feet. Slight side wind at 

 ground level. (See note F.) 



1 Air speed. 



