376 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1921. 



tution, is located here and has in connection with it a farm for ex- 

 perimental purposes. 



A journey was made up the Yangtse River to Killing, going by 

 steamer to Kiukiang and by chair up the mountain. Ruling is a 

 pleasant resort, at an altitude of about 3,500 feet, much frequented 

 during the hot season by the missionaries of central China. Much 

 of the trail is up over stone steps like a gigantic stairway and all the 

 supplies of whatever character are brought up to Kuling by man 

 power — coolies carrying loads balanced on each end of » single bam- 

 boo pole or a heavier load slung from a pole carried by two. For 

 the ascent the chairs are manned by four carriers with an extra pair 

 for relieving. 



South China is entered at Hongkong, an island 30 square miles in 

 area, under British control. The British also control the adjacent 

 mainland to the north including the city of Kowloon and the New 

 Territory. Between is a fine harbor buzzing with the world's com- 

 merce. Hongkong is a mountainous island, the highest point being 

 1,800 feet. It is a modern city with electric tramcars, a cable line to 

 the peak, and fine buildings. The journey of 90 miles to Canton may 

 be made by rail, or more comfortably by river steamers leaving Hong- 

 kong in the evening and arriving at Canton the next morning. 



Canton is a large, thoroughly Chinese city of over 1,000,000 in- 

 habitants. Recently broad avenues have been cut through the city 

 in various directions giving it a more modern appearance, but one 

 can step easily from these avenues to the narrow, crowded streets 

 scarcely wide enough for a chair to go. Innumerable sampans flit 

 to and fro on the river, and it is estimated that 250,000 people have 

 their permanent residence in these sampans. 



The Canton Christian College is located across the river from 

 Canton on the island of Honam. This institution is developing 

 rapidly and is destined to be the educational center of south China. 



With the college as headquarters, excursions were made to White 

 Cloud, a small mountain east of Canton ; to Whampoa, 10 miles east of 

 Canton, where the Wilkes Expedition made collections ; and to Macao, 

 a Portuguese colony, 40 miles southwest of Hongkong, and the first 

 European settlement in China. A longer trip was made up the North 

 River to Yingtak and Shiuchow, the latter at the end of the railway 

 and about 140 miles from Canton. A four days' trip to the mountain 

 of Lohfau was very profitable. To reach Lohfau one goes by rail 

 from Canton to Sheklung and on foot with carriers north about 25 

 miles to a monastery which affords shelter for the sojourn. 



In company with Mr. F. A. McClure, of the Canton Christian 

 College, a trip Avas made to Indo-China and the island of Hainan, 

 Pakhoi in southern Kwangtung being visited on the way. Hainan 



