434 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19&. 



be times when he not only sees red but rejoices in it — and that was 

 the strong impression I formed when I crossed Germany on August 

 1, 1914 — then outbreaks of violence will not cease till troglodyte 

 mentality is bred out of man. That is why the question of troglo- 

 dyte or hylobatic ancestry is not a pursuit of dead bones. It is a 

 vital problem on which turns much of folk psychology. It is a 

 problem utile to the State, in that it throws light on whether nature 

 or nurture is the more likely to build up man's future — and save him 

 from the recurrence of such another quinquennium. 



The critic to whom I have referred was not idle in his criticism. 

 He had not been taught that evolutionary doctrine has its bearings on 

 practical life. The biologist and the anthropologist are at fault ; they 

 have too often omitted to show that their problems have a very close 

 relation to those of the statesman and the social reformer, and that the 

 problems of the latter can not be solved without a true insight into 

 man's past, without a knowledge of the laws of heredity, and without 

 a due appreciation of the causes which underlie great folk-movements. 



2. INSISTENCE ON INSTITUTES OF ANTHROPOLOGY. 



The anthropological problems of the present day are so numerous 

 and so pressing that we can afford to select those of the greatest 

 utility. Indeed, the three university institutes of anthropology I have 

 suggested would have to specialize and then work hard to keep abreast 

 of the problems which will crowd upon them. One might take the 

 European races, another Asia and the Pacific, and a third Africa. 

 America in anthropology can well look after itself. In each case we 

 need something on the scale of the Paris Ecole d'Anthropologie, with 

 its 17 professors and teachers, with its museums and journals. But 

 we want something else — a new conception of the range of problems 

 to be dealt with and a new technique. From such schools would pass 

 out men with academic training fit to become officials, diplomatic 

 agents, teachers, missionaries, and traders in Europe, in Asia, or in 

 Africa, men with intelligent appreciation of and sympathy with the 

 races among whom they proposed to work. 



But this extra-State work, important as it is, is hardly comparable 

 in magnitude with the intra-State work which lies ready to hand for 

 the anthropological laboratory that has the will, the staff, and the 

 equipment to take it up efficiently. In the present condition of affairs 

 it is only too likely that much of this work, being psychometric, will 

 fall into the hands of the psychologist, whereas it is essentially the 

 fitting work of the anthropologist, who should come to the task, if 

 fitly trained, with a knowledge of comparative material and of the 

 past history, mental and physical, of mankind, on which his present 

 faculties so largely depend. The danger has arisen because the 



