PIGMENTATION IN OLD AMERICANS IIRDLICKA. 



475 



corded by the English among the " intermediates " ; many light eyes 

 with a brown ring about the pupil or some brown spots, which in 

 our records are all marked as mixed, were doubtless counted by the 

 English among the "lights"; and the slate blues, with some of the 

 darker mixed, they very likely included with the darks. 



An additional difficulty for comparing our results arises from the 

 way in which the English records are published. Neither Beddoe 

 nor his followers have given us the general averages for the whole 

 of England and Scotland. They report their observations by coun- 

 ties, cities, and other localities, which is of but little use for our pur- 

 pose. We have no means of finding out from just what parts of 

 England and Scotland the ancestors of the Old American families 

 were derived, and the best we can .do in trying to find what changes, 

 if any, there are now between the people of Great Britain and the 

 Old Americans is to compare the combined records of the latter 

 with similarly combined records on Great Britain, or at least Eng- 

 land and Scotland. In order to make some such comparison possible 

 it was necessary to count up Beddoe's detailed data as given by 

 Parsons. 17 The results, contrasted with ours, are as follows: 



Color of hair in England and Scotland, and in the Old Americans. 



MALES. 



Uair. 



Present 

 England 



and 

 Scotland 

 (14,557) 



Lights proper 



Light brown (not blond) 



Medium 



Dark 



Black 



Red 



10.7 



38.3 



34.8 



5.8 



4.4 



These figures are rather striking. Even if we allow for some error 

 in assigning the different colors to their proper classes on each side, 

 enough seems to remain to show that the English present a greater 

 heterogeneity in hair pigmentation. The Old Americans have ap- 

 parently less real blonds and certainly less darks and blacks as well 

 as reds, with more blends or intermediates. While the total amount 

 of pigmentation is not greatly different in the two units, in the 

 Americans it shows fewer extremes, wdiich is just about what could 

 be expected from their great intermixture. To make the two series 

 still more comparable, the proportion of the " light brown (not 

 blond)" hair among the Americans could probably be safely dis- 



