ANCESTOR WORSHIP FEWKES. 



489 



personate the ensuing summer. Although there is no standardized 

 program year after year, there is a similarity in successive years, 

 and there are certain dances that are very popular; others that 

 are performed in payment to a neighboring village that has visited 

 them a former season. The variety of masked dances on the East 

 Mesa is great, for there are three pueblos on this plateau and two 

 different languages spoken: Tanoan in Hano, and Hopi in Walpi. 

 The inhabitants of Sitcomovi also speak the Hopi language, and 

 the characteristic masked ceremonials the three pueblos perform 



Fig. 2. — Side view of Duck Katcina helmet. 



are somewhat different. The names of the masked dancers at Sitco- 

 movi are derived from the Zuiii language; the ceremonial dancers, 

 altars, and other ceremonial paraphernalia of Hano have Tanoan 

 names. 



It is natural that the existence of these three pueblos of divergent 

 linguistic and clan origins should have led to a greater variety of 

 nomenclature, and Katcina personations that occur on the East Mesa 

 are absent on the Middle Mesa and Oraibi. 



Walpi is the dominating pueblo of the East Mesa. Naturally it 

 has been most studied and has a typical Hopi ritual, but it is more 

 or less affected by alien elements. As compared with other pueblos 



