518 ANNUAL. REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1921. 



Strictly speaking, the collection of Zuni Folk-Tales, which was 

 edited in 1901 after Cushing's death, does not belong to our subject. 

 An exception has been made, however, on account of the literary 

 style in which they are rendered. Maj. J. W. Powell, who wrote the 

 introduction to this work, justly said : 



Under the scriptorial wand of Cushing the folk-tales of the Zunis are destined 

 to become a part of the living literature of the world, for he is a poet although 

 he does not write in verse. 



Gushing, indeed, could think like the Indians who made these 

 myths; he could speak like their priests and prophets as probably 

 no white man before or after him ever could. Space forbids any 

 quotations from this interesting work. 



The well-known archeologist, Adolph F. Bandelier, treated not 

 only of the legends concerning El Dorada, dating from the " con- 

 quista ", in his book, The Gilded Man, but he also wrote an excellent 

 Indian novel, The Delight Makers. The first edition was published 

 in 1890 at New York and a second, illustrated edition, with an intro- 

 duction by Chas. F. Lummis, appeared in 1916. My review refers to 

 the first edition. Bandelier, too, was a Pueblo familiar, who spent 

 considerable time in the Southwest, and whose many-sided talents 

 led him to write this novel. The effort to idealize the Indian, so 

 common among older writers, is lacking in Bandelier's romantic 

 story, in which he endeavors never to leave the solid ground of 

 archeologic and ethnologic facts. Although the plot is his own, 

 some of the scenes he describes were witnessed by himself at Cochiti. 

 The time of the story is not actual, but is set long before the dis- 

 covery of America, in what is now New Mexico, and mainly in the 

 narrow canyon of Tyuonyi, the Eito de los Frijoles of the Spaniards. 

 The Indians of those bygone days apparently did not differ much 

 from the present Pueblo Indians who, Bandelier says, " are at heart 

 nearly the same Indians we found them in this story." The dramatis 

 personse, of course, are only Indians, belonging to the Queres and 

 Tehua tribes, who at that period dwelt chiefly in caves and upon 

 cliffs. 



The title of Bandelier's novel is a translation of Koshare, the name 

 of a religious-social organization among the Queres, which was com- 

 mon also to Pueblo tribes, and is still in existence. The business of 

 the Koshare consists mainly of jokes and grotesque dances at public 

 performances which take place in summer and autumn in connection 

 with the prayers for rain. But the Delight Makers play also a 

 political part in Pueblo society, which leads to much enmity. An- 

 other important element consists of the clans with their fixed laws 

 and reciprocal petty jealousies. The primitive religious ideas and 

 the numerous performances connected with them, the belief in 



