REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 41 



houses, upright posts supporting walls of wattling plastered with 

 mud like the jacales of the Mexicans and evidently identical in 

 their general character with the dwellings of certain Yuman tribes. 

 Among the best preserved of the forts, called " pueblos " by Whipple, 

 are those near Aztec Pass and at Drew's ranch, Shook's ranch, and 

 Peter Marx's ranch, while others are found farther down Walnut 

 Creek. No trace of terraced pueblo dwellings were seen in this 

 region. 



In order to shed further light on the relations of the two types of 

 ruins described. Dr. Fewkes made an examination of the ancient re- 

 mains along the Agua Fria and near Prescott. At both places the 

 ruins were found to be of the same dual character. In a few in- 

 "stances, as at Frog Tanks, near the mouth of the Agua Fria, the 

 ruins suggest the great houses or compounds of the Salt and Gila 

 Valleys, but here also triticheras and fragile-walled houses are the 

 more common. 



The observations made by Dr. Fewkes during this field season in- 

 dicate that the ruins in the region referred to are the remains of 

 buildings so different in architecture from that of true pueblos that 

 it is probable the culture of their occupants was also different. Dr. 

 Fewkes reached the conclusion that the ruins of the forts and small 

 dwellings referred to were constructed and used by a Yuman people 

 whose descendants, more or less mixed with Apache and other non- 

 related tribes, are represented to-day by the Hualapai, Yavapai, and 

 Havasupai Indians. Although the jacaZ domiciles of western Ari- 

 zona were probably structurally similar to certain ancient houses 

 in the Pueblo region of New Mexico, the river-terrace houses of 

 Walnut Valley were more like certain habitations of the lower Gila 

 River than they were the pueblos of the Rio Grande. 



On returning to Washington Dr. Fewkes prepared a report on 

 his observations in this interesting archeological field, which, with 

 suitable illustrations, is now in press as one of the accompanying 

 pajDers of ^he twenty-eighth annual report. 



Dr. Fewkes also gave considerable time to reading the proofs and 

 arranging the illustrations of his memoir on Casa Grande, which 

 likewise is to appear in the twenty-eighth annual report. 



On the completion of the above work Dr. Fewkes commenced the 

 preparation of another paper, relating to "Designs on Prehistoric 

 Ilopi Pottery," a subject to which he devoted much attention in con- 

 nection with his studies of the Plopi Indians for 20 years. This 

 memoir, which was well advanced toward completion at the close of 

 the fiscal year, accompanied by numerous plates and text figures, is 

 designed as a key to the interpretation of the decoration of ancient 

 Hopi earthenware. The great multiplicity of life designs appearing 

 on the pottery of ancient Sikyatki are treated in the paper, in which 



