GLACIAL LAKES TAYLOR. 303 



LAKE MAUMEE. 



Lake jVEaiimee had at least three distinct stages, and p()ssil)ly nioie. 

 The stages that are clearly determined are as follows: 



First stage. — As soon as the ice front retreated eastward from the 

 moraine at Fort Wayne, Ind., it obstructed the normal northeast- 

 ward drainage of the Maiimee Valley, and liake Maiimee came into 

 existence. The outlet was westward through the present site of the 

 city of Fort Wayne, thence southwestward to the Wabash River at 

 Huntington, and ultimately to the Ohio and jMississippi Rivers and 

 the Gulf of Mexico. The next stadial moraine to be formed in the 

 Maumee Valley was at Defiance, Ohio (fig. 1 and position M in fig. 2) . 

 In \dew of the periodicity and the vnde space covered by the stadial 

 readvances, it may be regarded as certain that when the retreating 

 ice front left Fort Wayne it did not stop at Defiance, but receded to 

 a point probably not less than 25 or 30 miles east of Defiance, and 

 there halted for a considerable time before readvancing. There were 

 also minor oscillations during both of these movements. 



As the ice retreated from the Fort Wayne moraine the lake widened 

 eastward, and long arms of water extended eastward into Ohio and 

 northeastward into Michigan between the shrinking ice lobe and the 

 land. Possibly the lake maintained its highest level and discharged 

 at Fort Wayne during the climax of retreat, although tliis is doubt- 

 ful. But during the return of the ice front to Defiance and its pause 

 at the Defiance moraine the lake overflowed at Fort Wayne. The first 

 stage ended only when the Fort Wajaic outlet was finally abandoned. 



Second stage. — At the next stage the ice front retreated a consid- 

 erable distance from the Defiance moraine and opened a lower outlet 

 somewhere near Imlay in Lapeer County, Mich. Below the upper 

 or first beach of Lake Maumee there are two others which evidently 

 belong to thia lake. One, which is called the middle or main beach 

 of Lake Maumee, is 15 to 25 feet below the upper or fii'st beach, 

 and is a normal wave-made shore line of moderate strength. The low- 

 est beach is faint and fragmentary, and shows great modification by 

 submergence sirice it was made. It is about 20 feet below the middle 

 beach. These two lower beaches have a curious relation; counting 

 the beaches down the slope, the thirtl beach was made next after 

 the fnst, and then the level of the lake was raised and the second 

 beach was made at a higher level. The storm waves which made the 

 second beach swept over the gravelly ridges of the earlier one below, 

 as the latter lay in 20 feet of water, and almost destroyed them. 

 Hence, when the third or lowest beach was being made the lake was 

 in the second stage. The location of the outhU for this stage is not 

 known with certainty. It may have passed northward a few miles 



