CLIMATE OF NOETH AMERICA HUNTINGTON. 403 



had from 8 to 20 rooms, and must luivc been inhabited by more than 

 one family. Tlierofore in our 7-niile drive through the open, park- 

 hke forest we must have found within sight of the road the dwclhngs 

 of approximate!}^ a hundred famihes. It would be a populous 

 farming district in any part of England where one could find a hundred 

 families on 7 miles of road. We can not, of course, assume that abso- 

 lutely every one of these houses was occupied at one time, but it is 

 not at all probable that any large number were vacant at a time when 

 new ones were being built. Well-squared blocks of stone must in 

 those days have been too valuable to permit of their being wasted 

 when new houses were to be built. Even in these days when metal 

 tools and explosives make it easy to quarry new stone, and wlien the 

 population is much less dense than formerly, the great ruins of 

 antiquity in western Asia are in constant danger of being utterly 

 destroyed by the natives, who carry away the stone for use in new 

 houses. In the days of the Pajaritans, when the blocks of stone had 

 to be hewn with stone axes and candied from the quarries in the 

 canyons on the backs of men, or rather of women, we can scarcely 

 believe that the people were so extraordinarily industrious or so 

 superstitious that they would leave good stones in ruins close at hand 

 and go to the labor of dressing new ones. Therefore we believe that 

 at the height of the prosperity of this region the site of practically 

 every ruin was occupied by an inhabited farmhouse. 



These scattered little ruins, almost unnoticed even by the arche- 

 ologist, present one of the most interesting problems in American 

 archeology. The potsherds found in them are of a different type 

 from those found in the larger villages or in the majority of the cliff 

 dwellings immediately around them. The pottery of the farms, as 

 Mr. Chapman points out, is almost wholly a fine-gi'ained ware painted 

 white and adorned with geometrical designs in black. In the larger, 

 more modern ruins, however, onl}^ a little of this is found, while the 

 commonest kinds are a coarser white ware with more abundant curves 

 in the designs, and a wholly different typo of red ware adorned with 

 black figures painted with a species of glaze. These differences, 

 coupled Math other evidence such as the manifestly greater age of 

 the small isolated ruins, show that here, even more plainly than in 

 the Chaco region, we have to do with two occupations as distinct 

 from one another and from the later and far less extensive Pueblo 

 occupation of the countiy as arc the modern American and Spanish 

 occupations. The first inhabitants spread far moie widely than 

 their successors. They seem to have felt no need of being near the 

 main sources of water nor yet of gatliering together as the later 

 people did in places which could easily be defended. For a long 

 period before the advent of the enemy, which finally displaced them, 

 their lives were free and comfortable in their liigh forest homes. 



