ADAPTATION AND INHERITANCE KAMMERER. 441 



spring ■without DD with continued development from giant eggs. 4, develop- 

 ment from "aquatic eggs; a, egg"; h, newly hatched young, alongside of which 

 is its head with one pair of external gills; C, in the same way the larva of the 

 first; D, the fourth generation (here with three pairs of gills). 5, land larva; 

 5C\ offspring of same; 5«, land larva, young. 6, giant larva; d, sexually mature 

 larva; 6a, lungs of same; 6C, the offspring of same. (After Kammerer, from 

 Przibram's Experimentalzoologie, vol. 3.) 



Fig. 10. — Crossings between normal and changed midwife toads. 7, normal brooding 

 male ( J ), with changed, water depositing female ( 9 )• 8, normal land depositing 

 female (9), '"'ith changed, nonbrooding male (<?). P, parents; i^,, children; 

 Fn, grandchildren. (After Kammerer, from Przibram's Experimentalzoologie, 

 vol. 3). 



Fig. 11. — Scheme of inheritance according to the Mendelian or prevailing law. P, 

 parents; F-^, children; F.,, great-grandchildren. 



Fig. 12. — Color adaptation of the fire salamander (Salamandra maculosa) to yellow earth 

 and the transmission of this adaptation with the appearance of a symmetric 

 color pattern in the daughter generation. "P- line," F^- line, denote the color 

 changing process of a single parent pair of parents (P, parents -F^). The time 

 element in each two stages of the P- line requires two years, that of the F^- line, 

 one year. (After Kammerer.) 



Fig. 13. — Color adaptation of the fire salamander (Salamandra maculosa) to black 

 garden earth and the transmission of this adaptation with the appearance of a 

 symmetric color pattern in the daughter generation. All details as in figure 12, 

 which see. (After Kammerer.) 



