616 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1912. 



which can be still observed among the Finns, who are generally rather 

 red than blond. 



The Germans described by ancient autliors had red hair, while the 

 hair of the Gauls was rather blond, and notwithstanding this the 

 latter, as is well known, tinged their hair with a lotion of lime. 



Since, then, there existed in Europe both red and blond Finns, it 

 may be concluded that the blonds of history, the Celto-Gauls, the 

 Cimbrians, the Germans, etc., were the descendants of these European 

 Finns, the more so because certain philologists maintain that the 

 Aryan languages are offshoots of a branch of the Finno-Ugrian 

 languages. Thus Koeppe, as the result of a comparative study of 

 these different languages, came to the conclusion that there was an 

 original relationship between the Aryans and the Finns, and even ap- 

 pHed to that original stock the name of Ario-Finen. He thinks that 

 these two races lived together in the north of Europe during a very 

 long period, and that they even emigrated together at a very cUstant 

 time.* 



But as our views are based exclusively on anthropology, we must 

 turn our attention to the skeletons which have been found in the 

 regions occupied by the old blond European races, and which we will 

 study in order to learn whether these skeletons, and particularly the 

 skulls, may not give us better information on the origin of the primi- 

 tive blonds. 



THE SKULLS OF THE PREHISTORIC BLONDS. 



When Tacitus said that the Germans were indigenous (autochthons) 

 he was not wrong, for the skulls of the neolithic period which have 

 been found in northern and central Germany are, in great part, 

 dohchocephalic and present, moreover, a correspondence to those of 

 the reihengraber (tombs in rows) of southern Germany, which 

 are considered as having belonged to the blond Germans. 



But it is not only in Germany that these neohthic dolichocephalic 

 skulls with Germanic type have been found, but also in Holland, 

 Denmark, Sweden, Norway, in upper and lower Austria, and as 

 far as the kurgans (tumuli) of central Russia. We shall therefore 

 survey all these regions in order to recover there our neohthic 

 dolichocephals, and at the same time to ascertain the evolution 

 which they have undergone in the transition to the brachycephalic 

 type. By this it will be seen how necessary is the measming of skulls 

 and of the skeleton, in general, in an investigation of the origin of the 

 human races. 



But how is the cranial type of the blond Germans constituted? 

 It is well known that there were brown dohchocephals in middle 



I Koeppe. Contributions, la question du lieu d'origine etde la parents des races europ^ennes et finno- 

 ougriennes, St. Petersburg, 1886. (In Russian.) Review by Steida in Arch, fiir Anthr., vol. 20. 



