OKIGIN OF BLOND EUROPEANS — BLOCH. 619 



Bavaria. — Of Bavaria we may record the same phenomenon 

 observed, namely, the transformation from dolichocephaly to brach}^- 

 cephaly. Thus the proportion of brachycephals in skulls of the 

 reihengraber is 14 per cent; in those of the tenth to twelfth centuries 

 (found at Lindau), 32 per cent; while in those of the present popula- 

 tion of southern Bavaria it is 83 per cent.' It even did not require an 

 unmeasurable time to produce this enormous change, for we know 

 how many centuries passed since the close of the tenth century during 

 which dolichocephaly has decreased, whUe brachycephaly has in- 

 creased. 



Wurttemherg. — The antecedence of the dolichocephals is here noted, 

 as in Baden, Bavaria, and Rhenish Hessia. Thus, in the flat graves 

 (without tumulus covering) of the neolithic period, which were dis- 

 covered in 1887, near the Seelberg, three skulls were found having an 

 index of 72.4 to 77.8, exhibitmg the complete German type of the 

 [Merovingian period (from end of fifth to middle of eighth century 

 A. D.). 



The HaUstatt hiigelgiaber (hill graves, beginnmg of the Iron 

 Age), of Wiirttemberg, have furnished 87 skulls which are formed as 

 follows: 75 more or less elongated, with an index varying from 60 

 to 79.2, constituting 86.2 per cent; while the short skulls, with an 

 index between 80.1 and 89.8, numbered only 12, or 13.8 per cent. 



As regards their type. Von Holder, who has studied them, concisely 

 defined it as follows: 



The dolichocephals and mesaticephals, which exhibit all the essential characteris- 

 tics of the German type, are of the same kind as the German reihengraber of Wiirt- 

 temberg (foiu-th to eighth centuries). There is no doubt, remarks M. Herv^, that 

 Suabia, the country between the Rhine and the Danube, was, during the Hallstatt 

 epoch, the abode of a considerable part of the great northern race whose movements 

 10 or 11 centuries later on was to shake the Roman Empire. The dolichocephals 

 were, then, the ancestors of the Suevians and Marcomans described by Tacitus 

 * * * 



It is at the utmost, if at the end of the early Iron Age the brachy- 

 cephals, who now predominate in nearly all parts of the country, 

 counted here and there a few representatives.^ We might quote 

 other proofs, derived from the excavations in Wiirttemberg, of the 

 antecedence of the dolichocephals. 



Prussia. — In passing over into north Germany the same facts are 

 observed. Thus from Tilsit to the other end of the country, in both 

 eastern and western Prussia, and in Pomerania, there have been 

 found a number of skulls of the early Iron Age — all of them doli- 

 chocephalic and always of the same type as that of the reihengraber. 



1 Ranke. Fnilimittelalterlichc Schiidel iind Gebeine aus Lindau. Sitzungsberichte der Konigl. baycr 

 Akademie der Wisseuschaften. Miinchen, 1S97, vol. 27. 



2H. von Holder. Le Tumulus hulstattien dii Wiirltemberg, reviewed by Her v(f in the Revue del'Kfole 

 d'Anthropologie, 1890. 



