620 ANNUAL EEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1912. 



But while east of the Vistula there was a series of large skulls mixed 

 with long ones, yet west of the river, in the present Pomerania, only 

 dolichocephalic skulls were found, from which Lissauer concluded 

 that it was here that the German race originated.^ 



These skulls recovered from the hiigelgraber of the surroundings 

 of Neustettin (Pomerania) are exactly like those of the Hiigelgi'tiber 

 of southern Germany; that is, they are dolichocephalic; but along 

 with the pure dolichocephalic type of the reihengraber there were 

 also larger forms, the result of a more advanced evolution. Other 

 older skulls (belongmg to the period of transition from Bronze to 

 Iron Age), which have been found in Pomerania at Crissau, near 

 Danzig, in western Prussia, are likewise of the dolichocephalic type 

 (70 to 70.2). 



Finally three still older skulls (neolithic) are likewise dolichoce- 

 phalic. One of these came from a tomb in the plam of Conjavia, 

 between Thorn and Inowraslaw (western Prussia) , and had a cephalic 

 index of 66.5; it was massive, with prominent superciliary vaults 

 nearly running into one another at the frontal joint (glabella). The 

 two other skulls, which were found at Wiskiavten, in Samland (north 

 of Koenigsberg), had indices of 63.1 and 68.8.- 



Since Lissauer's publications in 1874 and 1878 other finds of pre- 

 historic skulls have been made in north Germany which confirm the 

 conclusion of this author regardmg the dolichocephaly of the primi- 

 tive blond Germans. Thus a neolithic skull discovered by Hollmann 

 near Tangermiinde (central Prussia, district of Stendal), and exam- 

 ined by Virchow in 1883, had an index of 68.5;^ other skulls of the 

 same locality had indices of 71.5, 76, and even 77.7, which marks 

 quite an advanced evolution for the last two, but the correspond- 

 ing tibige of the skeletons were in part slightly platycnemic like other 

 neolithic skeletons of German origin of Rhenish Hessia. 



Schumann in several communications to the Anthropological 

 Society of Berlin in 1891 and 1894 discussed neolithic skulls from 

 various parts of north Germany which, besides being dolichocephalic, 

 were analogous to the skulls of the reihengraber or south Germany. 

 Thus a skull from Glasow, near Locknitz (Pomerania), had an 

 index of 68.7 and very prominent superciliary vaults. Another, 

 found at Casekow, in the region of Randow, had an index of 72.2, 

 and a third of 67.16 from Oberftir, in the vicinity of Bublitz.* 



Finally, four other skulls of the Roman period, discovered in 

 Borkenhagen (region of Coslin, in Pomerania), showed indices of 

 69.8, 71.3, 71.5, and 72.7, although these would be much later than 



1 Lissauer. Crauia prusslca, Zeitschr. f. Ethnol., 1874, p. 189, 225. 



2 Lissauer. Loc. cit. 



' Hollmann. Griiberfunde bel Tangermiinde, Zeitsclir. f. Ethnol., 1883 and 1884. 



* Scliumann. TommersclieSkeletgriiber, wulu-scheiulichausderSteinzeit. Zeitsclir. f. Etlmol.,1891. 



