ORIGIN OP BLOND EUROPEANS — BLOCH. 621 



the neolithic period.^ The evolution which in older localities had 

 already relatively advanced was less noticeable m more recent places. 

 According to Lissauer the middle cephalic index of 282 present 

 Prussian skulls is 79.15. 



OLD DOLICHOCEPHALS OF GERMAN TYPE FOUND OUTSIDE OF 

 PRESENT GERMANY. 



The countries in which these skulls are met with are many and 

 widely extended in Europe. 



Holland. — In the northeast of this country there have been found 

 m certain tombs, called ierps, dating from the beginning of the Chris- 

 tian era, 39 skulls whose medium cephalic index is 74.8. There were 

 54 per cent dolichocephalic, 38 per cent mesaticephalic, and only 8 

 per cent brachycephalic." The dolichocephalic were identical with 

 those of the reihengraber, while the brachycephalic, as it is seen, 

 were but slightly represented down to historic time. In contrast to 

 this, of 80 skulls of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries there were 

 not a single one whose index was less than 80. At present the great 

 mass of the people of Holland are of two brachycephalic types, one 

 blond the other brown, the former with a middle index of 80 to 82, 

 the latter with one of 84 to 86.^ 



Boliemia. — In this country, which adjoins south Germany, were 

 found skulls which were much older than those of Holland, for they 

 dated from the neolithic period. At that tune the large majority 

 was dolichocephalic, while at present the Czech population, as well 

 as the Germans of Bohemia, are brachycephalic. Only their lan- 

 guage separates them. During the Stone Age, says Niederle,^ a 

 round skull is extremely rare. 



In the Ilallstatt period the percentage remained in favor of dolicho- 

 cephaly; it is only much later, from the eighth to the twelfth centu- 

 ries, that brachycephaly begins to predominate, 40 per cent bracliy- 

 cephals as opposed to 20.9 per cent of dolichocephals. Finally, the 

 skulls of the sixteenth century, examined by Matiegha, are mesati- 

 cephalic in the proportion of 25 per cent, and the dolichocephalic 

 only 5 per cent. That scholar also stated that the proportion of 

 brachyceplials is much larger among females.'' 



The following summing up of Zuckerkandl shows the gradual sup- 

 planting of the dolichocephals by the brachyceplials in Bohemia:" 



Prehistoric time. — Long skulls, 57.1 percent; middle, 19.1 percent; 

 short, 23.8 per cent. 



» Schumann, Skoletgriibcr mit rcimischcn Beigaben. Zcitsch. f. Etlmol., IWi-i. 

 a H. C. Folmer. Dio crsten Bcwohner der Nords('ekuste, etc. Aarchiv fiir Anthropologic, 1900. 

 « Bock. Ueber die Vcrbreitung der rothhaarigen in den Niederlanden. Zcitsclirif t .'ur Morphologie, 1907. 

 < Niednrid. Die cpstorreichischo-ungarische Monarchie in Wort un Bild. Wien. 1891. 

 ' Matipgha. Anthropologi des czochLsch-slavischen Volkes. Prag., 1S9G. 



• Zuckerkandl. Congrfes des soci6t6s anthr. aliem. et viennoises, 1889. C. R. in Mittheil. der Anth. 

 Uesellsch. iu Wien, vol. 19. 



