622 ANNUAL EEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1912. 



Present time. — Long skulls, 0; middle, 17.5 per cent; short, 82.5 

 per cent. 



This change is due to the transformation of the dolichocephalic 

 type without the influence of a foreign immigration. 



It should be noted that although the evolution was a gradual one, it 

 did not require an indefinite time, for the modification took place 

 gradually, almost from century to century, as is proved by the finds 

 in graves which are exactly dated. Thus the graves of the tenth 

 century furnished 58.3 per cent of long skulls, while in those of the 

 twelfth and thirteenth centuries there are no more than 23.5 per cent. 

 At the same time the cephalic index increases. Thus the cephalic 

 index of 74.66 in the tenth century rises to 76.19 until the end of the 

 eleventh century, and to 78.26 until the end of the thirteenth century; 

 in the sixteenth century it is already 80.77, and at the present time 

 83.19.^ It is also to be remembered that the oldest Quaternary race 

 of Bohemia was likewise dolichocephalic to judge from the Brux skuU 

 which dates from the Mousterien period. 



As regards the color, at present the brown type predominates in 

 Bohemia, while in the Middle Ages it was stiU the blond type. 

 Finally, the historical documents dating from the end of the first 

 century, point to the fact on which Niederle insists, namely, that the 

 Slavs of the East were blond and had blue eyes. As prehistory 

 teaches us that the primitive type was dolichocephalic, so history tells 

 us that the primitive type of the Slavs was blond. According to 

 Weissbach the middle cephalic index of 221 modern Slav skulls :s 

 82.90, and according to Meyer and Koperniki it is 84.4 among the 

 Poles and Ruthenians of Galicia. 



Austria.— In the western Provinces, German as well as Slavic, the 

 primitive population was likewise dolichocephalic, for the ratio of 

 dolichocephaly to brachycephaly was originally as 87 to 13. Sub- 

 sequently the relation was reversed, as can be seen from the following 

 table, according to Zuckerkandl: ^ 



LOWER AUSTRIA. 



> A. Fischel. Ueber die Abstammung des Menschen und die altesten Menschenrassen. Sitzungsbe- 

 richte d. deutschen naturwissensch.-medizinischen Vereins tiir B6hmen. Prag., 1903. C. R. in Centralblatt 

 Jiir Anthropologie, 1904. 



2 Zuckerkandl. Loc. cit. 



