ORIGiN OF BLOND EUROPEANS BLOCK. 625 



the Neanderthal man, which Virchow compares with that of the 

 present Australians. 



It may, therefore, be concluded that these skulls are of remote 

 antiquity, notwithstanding that some of them are brachycephalic. 

 In any case, they are not Lapp, howsoever they may show the type 

 called Lapponoid, for the Lapps have never inhabited the Scandina- 

 vian regions below 62° north latitude. 



For the Bronze Age Virchow could measure only three skulls 

 whose middle index is 66.6. The five skulls of the Iron Age have 

 indexes of 65.5 for the early Iron Age and 69.1 for the later one.^ 



Since the publication of Virchow's measurements of the prehistoric 

 skulls of tlie Museum of the Antiquities of the North, Soren Hansen 

 has examined five other skulls of the Bronze Age, while Prof. Nielsen 

 has studied the entire prehistoric population of Denmark at different 

 periods. 



Thus Nielsen stated that of 110 skulls of the Stone Age there were 

 83 doHchocephahc, that is, 70 per cent, and more than half of these 

 83 neohtliic skulls (47 per cent) were pure dolichocephahc, with an 

 index of 75 or less. Of the skulls of the Bronze Age only 1 was 

 brachycephahc (81) and 3 inchned to an index of 79. Of the 35 skulls 

 of the Iron Age, lastly, only 1 was brachycephalic (81), 2 had an 

 index of 79, while 25 had one of 75 or less.^ Besides, the skeletons 

 found in peat and those of the Iron Age are particularly large. 



From this preponderance of dolichocephaly during prehistoric 

 times in Denmark we conclude that the population there was then 

 blond, as in Germany and the neighboring countries; and as regards 

 the prehistoric brachycephals of the different ages, they were related 

 to the corresponding dolichocephals. At present, dolichocephaly 

 seems to predominate, though mesaticephaly and brachycephaly are 

 not wanting. B}^ far the greater part of the present population has 

 chestnut-colored hau-, but with light eyes, while dark eyes are rela- 

 tively rare. There are likewise some blond-haired. (The observa- 

 tions were made on 2,000 individuals of the age of 20 from the 

 southern and eastern parts of the peninsula of Jutland.) ^ 



Sweden. — In this country, already at the period of polished stone 

 implements, there were three races: (1) True dolichocephals, with 

 elliptic or slightly oval countenance, low and narrow forehead, 

 highly developed superciliary arches and glabella, low orbits and 

 straight nose; (2) brachycephals; (3) mesaticephals of very varied 

 types. 



» Virchow. Die altnordischen Schadel zu Kopenhagen . Archiv. fiir Anthropologic, 1870. 



' Nielsen. Anthropologie de la population du Danemark, 1906 (quoted by G. Retzius in the Journal of 

 the Anthropological Institute ot Great Britain, 1909, p. 304). 



» Soren Haasen and Topinard. La couleur des cheveu.x et des yeux en Danemark. Revue d 'Anthro- 

 pologie, 1883. 



