630 ANNUAL EEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1912. 



history depicts as having once been blond, are now brown or approach- 

 ing that color. 



History also tells us that there have been successive invasions of 

 blonds in Europe, such as of the Celts, the Cimbrians, the Germans, 

 etc. Now, it maybe assumed that similar invasions had also taken 

 place in prehistoric times, and it is on that account that the exact 

 period of the settlement of the Celts in western Europe can not be 

 determined; but the Celts might be considered as the predecessors 

 and conquerors of the Cimbrians, Germans, Goths, Normans, etc. 



It remains to speak of the origin of the blond or red Fins, the blond 

 Laps, and of the blonds that are sporadically met with among brown 

 nations. 



It has already been shown that the blond Finns sprung from brown 

 Finns, and it is thus seen that a blond race might descend from a 

 brown one without the intermediary of any mixture, just as a brown 

 race might descend from a blond one. 



As regards the blond Lapps, their evolution is the same as that of the 

 blond Finns ; that is to say, they descended directly from the brown 

 Lapps without crossing with a foreign race. 



As to the blonds that are met with everywhere in the midst of 

 brown races, in exclusively brown families, they are the result of a 

 simple transient variation, so that they themselves can not pro- 

 create but browns, resembling the race from which they sprung. 



In conclusion, we believe that it is demonstrated that during 

 Neolithic times there existed In a great part of Europe — in Holland, 

 Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Russia — 

 one and the same dolichocephalic race, being the descendant from the 

 Quaternary dolichocephalic race and which can be considered as the 

 stock from which sprung the blonds mentioned in history under the 

 names of Celto-Galato-Gauls, Cimbrians, Germans, Goths, Normans, 

 etc. All these blond races were therefore of European not Asiatic 

 origin, and they had occupied a vast area and not a more or less 

 limited part of Europe. Subsequently they invaded other parts of 

 Europe and even Asiatic regions. 



Later the greater ])ait of these blond races was transformed, 

 becoming brown and bj'achycephalic without the intermediary of any 

 mixing, and this is the reason why at present exclusively blond races, 

 as described by the ancient authors, are found no more, so that they 

 may bo called fossil races. 



