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ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1912. 



to obtain measurements of the sea temperature in the vicinity of 

 icebergs. In July, 1910, the Canadian department of marine and 

 fisheries kindly granted me facilities for doing this on the ice-break- 

 ing steamer Stanley, proceeding to Hudson Bay with a survey party. 

 My assistant, Mr. L. V. King, undertook the observations during this 

 trip, and an account of the work was published m my report to the 

 Government. 



The thermometer was placed over the side of the ship, immersed 

 to a depth of about 5 feet, and a record of temperature was made 

 through the Strait of Belle Isle, along the Labrador coast, to Hudson 



Fig. 4.— Marine micro-thermogkam, showing effect of land. 



Bay. The recorder was placed in Mr. King's cabin, where he could 

 observe the effect of ice and land. Several icebergs were passed in 

 the northern journey, at a distance of about half a mile, and these 

 were recorded on the chart by a rapid fall of temperature of from 1° 

 to 2° as the bergs were approached. It was found as the ship 

 drew near a berg that a rise of temperature took place first, fol- 

 lowed by a rapid fall. On the microthermometer the effect was 

 clearly shown, but would have been missed entirely on an ordinary 

 thermometer. I have called this peculiar rise and fall of temperature 

 the "iceberg effect," and it seems to be characteristic and easily 

 distinguished from the small oscillations of temperature found in open 



