18 KMIt ANDKKSKN 



In llic table Ih'Iow I}). "H)) I ^-ivc iiicasureiiieiits of Fca's 

 adult sj)L'ciiiieiis from (1) San Thome and (M) Prince's Island, 

 and. for comparison, those of a Britisli Musciun series from {-]) 

 PY'rnando Po, and of all adult s})ocimens of this race I have seen 

 from (4) the Guinean Coast (Como River, Gaboon , Benito River. 

 Cameroons, Old Calabar, Liberia). 



The races of H. caffer, their interrelations and distri- 

 bution. — Tliere are five geograpliical races of 77. caffer : 

 caffer, tephrus, centralis, guineensis, angolensis. They fall 

 into two natural ji^roups, as follows: — 



(1) A small-toothed, small-skulled, narrow-jawed, and liglit- 

 cohjuri'd form, 77. c. caff'er, iniiabits the eastern ])art of the 

 continent, from Erythrea and Kordofan in the north, to Transvaal 

 and Pondoland in the south. From the southern part of this area, 

 no doubt througli the Zambesi Valley, it has made its way to 

 Angola. From the northern part of its area it has s])read north- 

 wards to Xu])ia. westwards througli Bahr el Gazai, the Tsad Sea 

 region and Niger Valley, to Ashantee and the Gold Coast, further 

 to Senegandjia and Western Morocco; i)ut in all of these places 

 it has slightly diminislied in size, tiuis constituting a fairly 

 distinct race, 77. c. tephrus. 



{"1) A large-toothed, large-skulled, broad-jawed, and darker- 

 coloured form, H. c. centralis, occupies the broad E(juatorial belt 

 of the continent, from the Congo estuary in ihe west, through 

 the whole of the Congo Valley , to T'ganda. From this region it 

 lias spread in three dinnrtions: — eastwards, to Rritish and German 

 F^ast Africa, where it meets and occurs together with 77. c. caffe)-; 

 southwestwards, along the Congo triljutaries, to Angola, where 

 it again meets 77. c. caffer; and northwestwards, along the 

 Guinean coast, including the islands in the Gulf of Guinea ; but 

 individuals from this latter tract (Guinean coast and islands) reach 

 the extreme in the wi<ltli of the ii])per jaw and the darkness of 

 the colour of the fur, and may lie kejit distinct as a fairly 

 recognizal)le race, 77. c. guineensis. In the Guinean coast region 

 this lai'ge-skulled and dark extreme meets and occurs together 

 with its strongest contrast, the very small-skulled and ligiil- 

 coloured 77. c. tephrus. 



From this it will i)e observed that there are. in fact, two 

 prill. -iital forms only of 77. caffer: the one {//. c. centralis -f- 



