REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 27 



1880 and 1886 he was an instructor, first at the Evangelische Predi- 

 f^erschiile at Basle, and later at the German Theological School of 

 Newark at Bloonifield, N. J. In 1892 he received the degree of 

 Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins University, and the same year entered 

 the service of the National Museum, where he remained for tlie rest 

 of his life. 



Doctor Casanowicz was a recognized authority in the field of Old 

 World archeology, specializing in the subject of comparative re- 

 ligions. He published several papers on the various religions of 

 man, and at the time of his death another was left practically com- 

 pleted, which would have closed the series. He was a member of the 

 American Oriental Society and vice president of the Anthropological 

 Societ}'^ of Washington. Doctor Casanowicz was a man of broad 

 culture, and his place on the Museum staff will be difficult to fill. 



FRANK SPRINGER 



Frank Springer, associate in paleontology in the National Museum 

 and a benefactor of the Institution, died September 22, 1927. He 

 was born June 17, 1848, at Wapello, Iowa, and received his education 

 at the State University of Iowa. Admitted to the bar in 1869, he 

 went to New Mexico, where he soon became a leader of the bar of 

 that State. He was instrumental in having a law passed by Congress 

 establishing a tribunal for the settlement of titles under Spanish and 

 Mexican land grants, and his greatest professional success was at- 

 tained as attorney for the Maxwell Land Grant Co. He retired 

 from active practice in 1906, and from that time on he devoted him- 

 self largely to the scientific work that he loved and that has placed 

 him among the front rank of American paleontologists. 



Doctor Springer's connection with the Smithsonian Institution 

 began in 1911, when he brought his collection of fossil echinoderms 

 to Washington and installed it in the National Museum, where office 

 room and storage space for the collection were assigned him. He 

 spent the winter and spring months of each year at the Museum 

 carrying on his scientific work, and many of his papers were ])ub- 

 lished by the Museum. His well-known quarto monographs, " The 

 Crinoidea Flexibilia," "American Silurian Crinoids," and others 

 were issued by the Smithsonian Institution. 



By a deed of gift Doctor Springer's valuable collection and funds 

 provided by him for its upkeep came to the Institution immediately 

 after his death. 



BRADSHAW HALL SWALES 



Bradshaw Hall Swales, honorary assistant curator of birds in the 

 National Museum, died January 23. 1928, at his home in Washington. 

 Mr. Swales was born in Detroit, Mich., June 30, 1875, and graduated 



