CONTIKENTAL DISPLAOKMENT — SCHUCHERT 



281 



Antai'ctis had the Antarctic hiiuls, with extensions to South America 

 and to Australia, -which Avas then a part of this great pohir hind. To 

 the north of and as well in various places across Ilolarctis, the 

 f^reat northern continent, were shallow-water geosynclinal seas, Avhile 

 to the south of this greatest of land masses lay a vast middle ocean, 

 Suess' Tethys. and its several extensions, all of which basins are 

 now almost Avholly squeezed into the mountains of Euro-Asia. 

 Between Equatoris and Antarctis lay the large oceanic parts that 

 are now united into the Antarctic Ocean, while the father of oceans, 

 the Pacific, remained where it started and continued to evolve into 

 ever greater proportions during the Archeozoic, attaining maturity 

 about middle Proterozoic time. 





PALEOGEOGBAPHY , ., , ^ 



EARLY PERMIAN •^' •' • ^- 

 TIME 

 C. Schucherl. 1923 



Figure 4. — Paleogeography of early I'lrmian time. Oceans are ruled, epeiric seas 

 and Tethys dotted, and places of glaciatlon lined (vertical lines, areas of proved 

 glaciation ; horizontal lines, those of uncertain glaciation). In the north is trans- 

 verse Ilolarctis, in the center Equatoris, and in the south Antarctis. Note the 

 horderlands of the Americas, which have since jrone deep bi'low sea level 



Granted these or similar conditions, progressive geology meets 

 the knowledge of orthodox geology and grants it the permanency of 

 the earth's greater features, a knowledge on which the biogeographer 

 of ancient life has built his paleogeography ; he must have all this — 

 the long and intricate migration routes — to explain the evolution 

 that the migrating hordes have undergone. A Pangaea, the postu- 

 lated single continent that began to rift in the Carboniferous and 

 split and wandered apart after Jurassic time, will never explain the 

 life of the seas and lands as seen by the paleontologist. 



The Paleozoic saw no marked changes in the major features of 

 the earth's face, but the many readjustments in the continental 



