MAMMALOGY — MILLER 409 



concentrated its efforts on the fauna of western North America. 

 No work of importance to the general development of recent mam- 

 malogy has been done by the museums of Canada, Mexico, or the 

 South American Republics. In Europe the greatest contribution to 

 the systematic study of mammals has been made by the British Mu- 

 seum. Adopting the new technique in 1894 and supported by gen- 

 erous contributions of money and personal services from men who 

 recognized the breadth and interest of the field thus opened, this 

 museum has built up a collection of mammals which surpasses that 

 of any other institution in the world in the number of different 

 kinds which it includes and in the general fullness and evenness with 

 which the faunas of every part of the globe are represented. Its 

 field is not limited to any particular region, though, like the Smith- 

 sonian Institution, it has avoided duplication of the work which 

 was being done by the Biological Survey. Next to the British Mu- 

 seum the most active European agency in the recent development 

 of mammalogy has been the Museum fiir Naturkunde in Berlin. 

 Here, under the stimulus of the late Prof. Paul Matschie, espe- 

 cially imj)ortant collections of ungulates and primates have been 

 brought together; but the field of activity has not been limited to 

 these groups; it has covered the mammals of the world outside of 

 North America. France, a leader during the first half of the nine- 

 teenth century, has, throughout the present phase of mammalogy, re- 

 mained inactive except for the production of the Catalogus Mam- 

 malium, the book to which every general worker is more indebted 

 than to any other. In the remaining European countries much local 

 work has been done, but this does not here concern us. Contributions 

 to the broad development of mammalogy have come from Stockholm 

 (Africa, South America, Malay region), Leiden (Malay region), 

 Brussels (Africa), Madrid (South America, Africa), Turin (South 

 America), Genoa (Malay region), and Vienna (Africa). In Russia 

 the museums of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Tiflis have directed 

 their efforts mainly to the working out of the Russian and northern 

 Asiatic fauna. One of the finest examples of successfully directed 

 field work in the Old World is furnished by the Mammal Survey of 

 India carried on by the Bombay Natural History Society in conjunc- 

 tion with the British Museum. Very important results have also 

 been obtained in the Malay region by carefully planned explorations 

 directed from the Federated Malay States Museum at Kuala Lumpur. 

 Though taking no part in the active development of the subject, 

 the Smithsonian Institution has been closely associated with the 

 recent advances in mammalogy. Merriam began his studies under 

 Secretary Baird, and throughout his active period in the Department 

 of Agriculture he was an honorary associate of the Smithsonian. 

 The great collection of mammals brought together by the Biological 



